BOOK
Bovine Orthopedics, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue focuses on the latest treatment options concerning bovine orthopedic conditions. Topics covered include: external fixation devices, orthotics and prosthetics, coxofemoral disease, septic arthritis, splints and casts, stifle disorders, internal fixation, diseases of the tendon, imaging techniques, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Bovine Orthopedics\r | i | ||
| copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Veterinary Clinics Of\rNorth America:\rFood Animal Practice\r | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Decision Analysis for Fracture Management in Cattle | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| Economics | 2 | ||
| Diagnostics | 3 | ||
| Emergency treatment | 4 | ||
| Principles of fracture management | 5 | ||
| References | 9 | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging in Bovine Orthopedics | 11 | ||
| Key points | 11 | ||
| Introduction | 12 | ||
| Radiography in bovine orthopedics | 12 | ||
| Radiography Equipment and Imaging Systems | 12 | ||
| Radiation Protection | 12 | ||
| Planning a Radiographic Study | 13 | ||
| Special Radiography in Cattle | 14 | ||
| Feet | 14 | ||
| Long bones | 15 | ||
| Joints | 19 | ||
| Diagnostic ultrasonography in bovine orthopedics | 23 | ||
| Preparation of the Patient | 23 | ||
| Method of Ultrasonographic Examination | 30 | ||
| Ultrasonographic standard examination planes in bovine limbs | 39 | ||
| Ultrasonographic Appearance of Musculoskeletal Disorders | 43 | ||
| Arthritis, tenosynovitis, and bursitis | 45 | ||
| Tendinitis and desmitis | 46 | ||
| Muscle disorders | 47 | ||
| Bone lesions | 47 | ||
| Abscess and hematoma | 47 | ||
| Ultrasound-Assisted Needle Aspiration or Biopsy | 48 | ||
| Summary | 48 | ||
| Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in bovine orthopedics | 48 | ||
| References | 49 | ||
| Indications and Limitations of Splints and Casts | 55 | ||
| Key points | 55 | ||
| Use of casts in cattle | 55 | ||
| Selection of the patients | 56 | ||
| General cast technique | 57 | ||
| Fracture reduction evaluation | 62 | ||
| Aftercare | 62 | ||
| Complications | 63 | ||
| Prognosis | 65 | ||
| Full limb cast and short limb cast | 67 | ||
| Reinforced cast—walking cast | 67 | ||
| Transfixation pinning and casting technique | 68 | ||
| Complications | 71 | ||
| Prognosis | 72 | ||
| Casting an open fracture? | 72 | ||
| Use of modified Thomas splint | 74 | ||
| Summary | 74 | ||
| Supplementary data | 75 | ||
| References | 75 | ||
| Use of the Thomas Splint and Cast Combination, Walker Splint, and Spica Bandage with an Over the Shoulder Splint for the Tr ... | 77 | ||
| Key points | 77 | ||
| Introduction | 77 | ||
| Assessment of the patient and fracture | 78 | ||
| Thomas splint-cast combination | 80 | ||
| Application of the Thomas Splint-Cast Combination | 80 | ||
| Methods of TSCC application | 80 | ||
| Management of Cattle Wearing Modified Thomas Splint-Cast Combinations | 81 | ||
| Removal of Thomas Splint-Cast Combinations | 82 | ||
| Complications and Prognosis | 84 | ||
| Walker splints | 84 | ||
| Construction and Application of the Walker Splint | 85 | ||
| Spica bandages and splints | 87 | ||
| Summary | 90 | ||
| References | 90 | ||
| Plates, Pins, and Interlocking Nails | 91 | ||
| Key points | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| Prevalence | 91 | ||
| Literature | 92 | ||
| Methods | 92 | ||
| Guidelines for selection of patients for internal fixation | 101 | ||
| Mature Cattle | 101 | ||
| Calves | 103 | ||
| General considerations of internal fixation | 103 | ||
| Anesthesia and Surgery Time | 103 | ||
| Methods for Simplifying Fracture Reduction | 104 | ||
| Aims of Internal Fixation | 105 | ||
| Postoperative Phase | 105 | ||
| Implants and techniques | 105 | ||
| Plates and Screws | 106 | ||
| Pins and Intramedullary Nails | 108 | ||
| Fractures of specific long bones | 109 | ||
| Fractures of the Humerus | 109 | ||
| Fractures of the Radius and Ulna | 111 | ||
| Fractures of the Large Metacarpal and Metatarsal Bones | 111 | ||
| Fractures of the Femur | 113 | ||
| Fractures of the Tibia | 118 | ||
| Summary | 121 | ||
| References | 122 | ||
| External Skeletal Fixation of Fractures in Cattle | 127 | ||
| Key points | 127 | ||
| Advantages | 128 | ||
| Disadvantages | 128 | ||
| Types of ESF | 128 | ||
| Transfixation Pinning and Casting (TPC) | 128 | ||
| Surgical Techniques for ESF in Food Animals | 130 | ||
| Juvenile Cattle (<150 kg) | 132 | ||
| Weaned and Adult Cattle (﹥150 kg) | 134 | ||
| Complications | 134 | ||
| Traditional Sidebars and Clamps | 136 | ||
| Type II ESF | 136 | ||
| Acrylic Polymer Sidebars | 136 | ||
| Circular Fixators for ESF | 137 | ||
| Pin-Sleeve-Cast | 137 | ||
| Management of open fractures | 138 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Limb Amputation and Prosthesis | 143 | ||
| Key points | 143 | ||
| Reason for limb amputation | 144 | ||
| Decision making for limb amputation | 144 | ||
| Amputation site | 147 | ||
| Surgical technique | 147 | ||
| Postoperative treatment | 149 | ||
| Prosthesis | 150 | ||
| Prognosis | 152 | ||
| Summary | 153 | ||
| References | 153 | ||
| Diseases of the Tendons and Tendon Sheaths | 157 | ||
| Key points | 157 | ||
| Congenital tendon disorders | 158 | ||
| Hyperextension Deformities | 158 | ||
| Flexural Deformities | 159 | ||
| Arthrogryposis | 161 | ||
| Spastic Paresis | 162 | ||
| Acquired tendon disorders | 163 | ||
| Tendon Laceration | 164 | ||
| Tendon Avulsion | 164 | ||
| Tendon Rupture | 165 | ||
| Treatment of Tendon Disruption | 166 | ||
| Septic Tendinitis | 168 | ||
| Tenosynovitis (Tenovaginitis) | 168 | ||
| Septic Tenosynovitis | 169 | ||
| References | 173 | ||
| Clinical Management of Septic Arthritis in Cattle | 177 | ||
| Key points | 177 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 178 | ||
| Pathogen | 178 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 179 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 181 | ||
| Diagnostic | 182 | ||
| Arthrocentesis | 182 | ||
| Bacteriologic Culture | 183 | ||
| Cytologic Examination | 183 | ||
| Other Markers | 183 | ||
| Radiographic Images | 186 | ||
| Ultrasound Images | 186 | ||
| Treatment | 188 | ||
| Antimicrobial Therapy | 188 | ||
| Selection of the antimicrobial | 188 | ||
| Administration route | 189 | ||
| Duration of treatment | 190 | ||
| Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 190 | ||
| Joint Lavage | 191 | ||
| Techniques | 191 | ||
| Tidal irrigation | 192 | ||
| Through-and-through lavage | 193 | ||
| Arthrotomy | 193 | ||
| Arthrodesis | 194 | ||
| Prognosis | 195 | ||
| References | 197 | ||
| Noninfectious Joint Disease in Cattle | 205 | ||
| Key points | 205 | ||
| Introduction | 205 | ||
| Osteochondrosis | 205 | ||
| Causes and Pathophysiology | 206 | ||
| Risk Factors | 206 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 208 | ||
| Diagnostic Technique | 208 | ||
| Arthrocentesis | 208 | ||
| Radiography | 208 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 208 | ||
| Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging | 210 | ||
| Distribution of Lesions in Cattle | 210 | ||
| Treatment | 210 | ||
| Conservative treatment | 210 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 210 | ||
| Debridement | 212 | ||
| Chondroplasty | 212 | ||
| Forage or microfracture | 212 | ||
| Cartilage reattachment | 213 | ||
| Postoperative Treatment | 213 | ||
| Prognosis | 213 | ||
| Joint trauma | 214 | ||
| Joint Luxation | 214 | ||
| Cuboidal Bone Fracture | 214 | ||
| Avulsion Fracture | 214 | ||
| Rupture of Collateral or Intra-articular Ligament | 215 | ||
| DJD | 217 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 217 | ||
| Diagnostic Technique | 217 | ||
| Regional anesthesia | 217 | ||
| Arthrocentesis | 217 | ||
| Radiography | 218 | ||
| CT | 218 | ||
| Treatment | 218 | ||
| Conservative treatment | 218 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 219 | ||
| Prognosis | 219 | ||
| Degenerative Disease in Other Joints | 219 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 220 | ||
| Summary | 220 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 220 | ||
| References | 220 | ||
| Arthroscopy in Cattle | 225 | ||
| Key points | 225 | ||
| Introduction | 225 | ||
| Arthroscopy versus arthrotomy | 225 | ||
| Equipment and surgery suite | 226 | ||
| Arthroscope | 226 | ||
| Cannula with Adapted Sharp and Blunt Trocars | 227 | ||
| Light Source | 227 | ||
| Video Camera | 227 | ||
| Video Capture Unit | 227 | ||
| Fluid Pump | 227 | ||
| Hand Instruments | 227 | ||
| Surgery Suite | 228 | ||
| Surgical Draping | 228 | ||
| Anesthesia | 228 | ||
| Stifle (femoropatellar, medial, and lateral femorotibial joints) | 228 | ||
| Indications | 228 | ||
| Anatomy Review | 229 | ||
| Surgical Procedure (Dorsal Recumbency with Joint Distension) | 229 | ||
| Femoropatellar joint | 229 | ||
| Portal location | 229 | ||
| Traumatic Conditions of the Coxofemoral Joint | 247 | ||
| Key points | 247 | ||
| Introduction | 247 | ||
| Physical Examination and Diagnostic Procedures Specific to the Hip | 248 | ||
| Coxofemoral luxation | 250 | ||
| Diagnosis | 251 | ||
| Treatment | 255 | ||
| Fracture of the femoral head | 259 | ||
| Diagnosis | 259 | ||
| Treatment | 260 | ||
| Fracture of the femoral neck, the acetabulum, and the greater trochanter | 261 | ||
| Summary | 263 | ||
| References | 263 | ||
| Stifle Disorders | 265 | ||
| Key points | 265 | ||
| Introduction | 265 | ||
| Relevant anatomy | 265 | ||
| CrCL rupture | 266 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 267 | ||
| Treatment | 269 | ||
| Prognosis | 275 | ||
| Meniscus | 276 | ||
| Diagnosis | 276 | ||
| Treatment | 276 | ||
| Prognosis | 277 | ||
| Upward fixation of the patella | 277 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 277 | ||
| Pathophysiology/Causes | 277 | ||
| Treatment | 278 | ||
| References | 279 | ||
| Index | 283 |