BOOK
Advances in Neuromodulation, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, E-Book
Won Kim | Antonio De Salles | Nader Pouratian
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics of North America is devoted to "Advances in Neuromodulation." Editors Won Kim, MD, Antonio De Salles, MD, and Nader Pouratian, MD have assembled the top experts to review topics such as: peripheral nerve stimulation; spinal cord stimulation for gait reanimation and vascular pathology; deep brain stimulation for Tourettes, OCD, depression, Parkinson’s disease, eating disorders, dystonia, and headache; and techniques for image-guided deep brain stimulation, advanced imaging for targeting, and closed loop neuromodulation.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Advances inNeuromodulation | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Neurosurgery Clinics of North America\r | xii | ||
| Erratum | xiii | ||
| Preface | xv | ||
| Peripheral Nerve/Field Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain | A1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Indications and patient selection | 2 | ||
| Surgical technique | 4 | ||
| Programming of PNFS | 7 | ||
| Outcomes and complications | 7 | ||
| Future directions | 7 | ||
| References | 8 | ||
| Peripheral Neuromodulation for Treatment of Chronic Migraine Headache | 11 | ||
| Key points | 11 | ||
| Independent clinical trials | 12 | ||
| Industry-sponsored clinical trials | 12 | ||
| Medtronic ONSTIM Trial | 12 | ||
| Boston Scientific PRISM Trial | 13 | ||
| St. Jude Medical Trial | 13 | ||
| Mechanism of action | 13 | ||
| Summary | 13 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| Neuromodulation of the Lumbar Spinal Locomotor Circuit | 15 | ||
| Key points | 15 | ||
| Introduction | 15 | ||
| Spinal sensorimotor control of locomotor behavior | 16 | ||
| Rehabilitating the injured spinal cord | 17 | ||
| Electrical stimulation of spinal locomotor circuits | 17 | ||
| Physiologic basis of epidural stimulation–induced stepping | 18 | ||
| EDS and locomotor training in human patients with incomplete SCI | 19 | ||
| Conceptualizing the effects of EDS on the locomotor CPG | 20 | ||
| The future of spinal cord neuromodulation for locomotion | 20 | ||
| References | 20 | ||
| Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Vascular Pathology | 25 | ||
| Key points | 25 | ||
| Introduction | 25 | ||
| Review of published literature | 25 | ||
| Proposed mechanisms of action | 27 | ||
| Patient selection | 28 | ||
| Surgical technique | 29 | ||
| Complications | 29 | ||
| Summary | 29 | ||
| References | 29 | ||
| Sacral Neuromodulation for Refractory Overactive Bladder, Interstitial Cystitis, and Painful Bladder Syndrome | 33 | ||
| Key points | 33 | ||
| Introduction | 33 | ||
| Background | 33 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 33 | ||
| Technical aspects of SNM | 36 | ||
| Tined Leads | 36 | ||
| Fluoroscopy | 36 | ||
| Unilateral Versus Bilateral Test Phase | 37 | ||
| Evolution of Pulse Generator | 37 | ||
| Direct Pudendal Nerve Stimulation | 37 | ||
| Future Developments | 37 | ||
| Overactive bladder syndrome | 37 | ||
| Background | 37 | ||
| Treatment Options for Refractory OAB: SNM, PTNS, and BTX | 38 | ||
| SNM for Refractory OAB | 38 | ||
| Complications of SNM | 39 | ||
| Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome | 39 | ||
| Background | 39 | ||
| Pathophysiology of IC/PBS | 40 | ||
| SNM for IC/PBS | 40 | ||
| Explant Rate of Pulse Generator in IC/PBS Patients | 42 | ||
| Summary | 43 | ||
| References | 43 | ||
| Central Neuromodulation\r | A3 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Movement Disorders | 47 | ||
| Key points | 47 | ||
| Introduction | 47 | ||
| Chemical Neuromodulation | 47 | ||
| Cryogenic Neuromodulation | 50 | ||
| Thermal Neuromodulation | 50 | ||
| Ultrasound Neuromodulation | 50 | ||
| Magnetic Neuromodulation | 50 | ||
| Electrical Neuromodulation: DBS | 51 | ||
| Acute electrical neuromodulation for stereotactic target localization during surgery | 51 | ||
| Technique | 51 | ||
| Vim Thalamus | 52 | ||
| GPi, Internal Segment | 52 | ||
| STN | 52 | ||
| Clinical outcomes of chronic electrical neuromodulation for movement disorders | 53 | ||
| DBS for Essential Tremor | 53 | ||
| DBS for PD | 53 | ||
| Comparing neuromodulation modalities | 54 | ||
| Summary | 55 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Dystonia | 59 | ||
| Key points | 59 | ||
| Introduction | 59 | ||
| Classification | 59 | ||
| Patient selection | 60 | ||
| Influence of Dystonia Type on Outcome | 60 | ||
| Primary generalized dystonia | 60 | ||
| Primary cervical and craniocervical dystonia | 61 | ||
| Secondary dystonia | 61 | ||
| Heredodegenerative dystonia | 64 | ||
| Summary | 65 | ||
| Influence of Genetic Status on Outcome | 65 | ||
| Summary | 66 | ||
| Influence of Dystonia Symptoms on Outcome | 67 | ||
| Phasic versus tonic movement | 67 | ||
| Pain | 67 | ||
| Summary | 67 | ||
| Age at Surgery and Outcome | 67 | ||
| Disease Duration | 68 | ||
| Psychiatric Disease/Depression | 68 | ||
| Cognitive Function | 68 | ||
| Target selection | 68 | ||
| GPi | 68 | ||
| Potential limitations | 68 | ||
| Stimulation-induced side effects | 68 | ||
| Increased risk of hemorrhage | 69 | ||
| Delayed benefit of stimulation | 69 | ||
| STN | 69 | ||
| Potential limitations | 70 | ||
| Dyskinesia | 70 | ||
| Possible weight gain | 70 | ||
| Mood | 70 | ||
| Cognition | 70 | ||
| Thalamus | 70 | ||
| Potential issues | 70 | ||
| Cortex | 70 | ||
| Summary | 71 | ||
| References | 71 | ||
| Central Neuromodulation for Refractory Pain | 77 | ||
| Key points | 77 | ||
| Introduction | 77 | ||
| MCS | 77 | ||
| Pain pathways | 78 | ||
| DBS targets | 78 | ||
| Sensory Nucleus of the Thalamus (VPL, VPM) | 78 | ||
| PAG and PVG Matter | 79 | ||
| A need for new targets and rigorous study design | 80 | ||
| New stimulation targets | 80 | ||
| The Neuromatrix and the Link Between Neuropsychiatric Illness and Pain | 80 | ||
| Ventral Striatum and Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule | 80 | ||
| A systematic approach to explore a novel target and evaluate therapeutic effects | 80 | ||
| Study design | 81 | ||
| Summary | 81 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 81 | ||
| References | 81 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 85 | ||
| Key points | 85 | ||
| Introduction | 85 | ||
| Cognitive models | 86 | ||
| Circuits and mechanisms of OCD | 86 | ||
| Comparing Patients with OCD with Healthy Controls in Neutral or Baseline States | 87 | ||
| Measuring Cerebral Activity Changes that Correspond to Treatment Response | 87 | ||
| The Differences Between OCD Symptoms During Provocation Versus a Neutral State | 87 | ||
| Patients with OCD During Performance of a Cognitive Task and Comparison Conditions | 87 | ||
| Striatum | 88 | ||
| Prefrontal Cortices | 88 | ||
| Other Brain Regions | 89 | ||
| Current treatments for OCD | 89 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 89 | ||
| Pharmacology | 89 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 89 | ||
| Stereotactic Lesioning | 89 | ||
| DBS | 90 | ||
| VNS | 94 | ||
| TMS | 94 | ||
| Future directions | 95 | ||
| Patient considerations | 95 | ||
| Summary | 96 | ||
| References | 96 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Depression | 103 | ||
| Key points | 103 | ||
| Introduction: why we need neuromodulation for depression | 103 | ||
| Deep brain stimulation for depression | 105 | ||
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression | 106 | ||
| Trigeminal nerve stimulation for depression | 109 | ||
| Comparative efficacy of approaches to neuromodulation | 111 | ||
| Summary | 111 | ||
| References | 112 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome | 117 | ||
| Key points | 117 | ||
| Introduction | 117 | ||
| Targets for TS neuromodulation | 118 | ||
| Methods for Literature Review | 118 | ||
| CM-Pf Nucleus and the Voi Nucleus of the Thalamus | 118 | ||
| GPi | 119 | ||
| Globus Pallidus Externus | 119 | ||
| ALIC and NA | 119 | ||
| Subthalamic Nucleus | 129 | ||
| Dorsomedial Nucleus of the Thalamus | 129 | ||
| Target Comparison | 129 | ||
| Clinical outcomes | 130 | ||
| Complications | 131 | ||
| Surgical | 131 | ||
| Stimulation-related Adverse Effects | 131 | ||
| Clinical evaluation and perioperative management | 132 | ||
| Patient Selection | 132 | ||
| Target Selection | 132 | ||
| Summary | 132 | ||
| References | 132 | ||
| Limbic Neuromodulation | 137 | ||
| Key points | 137 | ||
| Introduction | 137 | ||
| The limbic system | 137 | ||
| Addiction | 137 | ||
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 141 | ||
| Memory | 141 | ||
| Summary | 143 | ||
| References | 143 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Eating Disorders | 147 | ||
| Key points | 147 | ||
| Introduction | 147 | ||
| Morbid obesity | 147 | ||
| The Problem | 148 | ||
| Need for New Obesity Therapies | 148 | ||
| Role of Hypothalamic Nuclei in Obesity | 148 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation | 149 | ||
| Hypothalamus and Regulation of Food Intake | 149 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Eating Disorders | 150 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation of the Hypothalamus | 150 | ||
| Neuroimaging and Obesity | 151 | ||
| Anorexia nervosa | 151 | ||
| The Problem | 151 | ||
| Need for New Anorexia Therapies | 152 | ||
| Evidence Supporting Neurosurgery for Anorexia Nervosa | 152 | ||
| Imaging in Anorexia Nervosa | 152 | ||
| Neurosurgical Indication | 153 | ||
| Old and New Trends for Anorexia Nervosa | 153 | ||
| Summary | 154 | ||
| References | 154 | ||
| Image-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation | 159 | ||
| Key points | 159 | ||
| Introduction | 159 | ||
| Intraoperative CT-guided DBS | 159 | ||
| O-Arm–Guided DBS with Physiologic Testing | 160 | ||
| Procedure overview | 160 | ||
| Outcomes | 161 | ||
| Ceretom-Guided DBS Without Physiologic Testing | 164 | ||
| Interventional MRI-guided DBS | 164 | ||
| Procedure Overview | 165 | ||
| Outcomes | 167 | ||
| Discussion | 167 | ||
| Merits and Disadvantages of Intraoperative Imaging | 167 | ||
| Merits and Disadvantages of Types of Imaging | 170 | ||
| Merits and Disadvantages of Anatomic Versus Physiologic Targeting | 170 | ||
| Summary | 171 | ||
| References | 171 | ||
| Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques for Central Neuromodulation | 173 | ||
| Key points | 173 | ||
| Introduction | 173 | ||
| Neuroimaging techniques | 174 | ||
| Structural Imaging | 175 | ||
| Ultrahigh field strength MRI | 175 | ||
| Diffusion imaging | 175 | ||
| Diffusion tractography | 176 | ||
| Connectivity-based segmentation | 177 | ||
| Functional Imaging | 178 | ||
| PET | 178 | ||
| fMRI | 179 | ||
| Future directions | 181 | ||
| Summary | 182 | ||
| References | 182 | ||
| Creating the Feedback Loop | 187 | ||
| Key points | 187 | ||
| Introduction | 187 | ||
| Rationale for closed-loop stimulation: Parkinson disease | 189 | ||
| Restoring the desired state: a role for closed-loop stimulation | 189 | ||
| Available signals | 190 | ||
| Prediction methods | 193 | ||
| Feature Extraction | 193 | ||
| Time Domain | 193 | ||
| Time-Frequency Domain | 193 | ||
| Phase Domain | 193 | ||
| Pattern Classification | 194 | ||
| Closing the loop: DBS parameter interventions | 195 | ||
| Case Study 1: Pathologic Tremor Prediction Using Surface Electromyogram and Acceleration | 196 | ||
| Population | 196 | ||
| Objective | 196 | ||
| Approach | 196 | ||
| Main results | 196 | ||
| Case Study 2: Validation of a Bidirectional Pulse Generator for Neural State Classification | 196 | ||
| Study design | 196 | ||
| Index | 205 |