BOOK
Primary Care ENT, An Issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, edited by Gretchen Dickson, MD and Rick Kellerman, MD, is devoted to Primary Care ENT. Articles in this issue include Otitis Externa; Disease of the Internal Ear; Hearing Loss; Dizziness and Vertigo; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Epistaxis; Laryngitis; Pharyngitis; Mouth Disease; and Neurological Syndromes pertaining to the Head and Neck.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Primary Care ENT\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Primary Care: Clinics In Office Practice\r | viii | ||
| Foreword\r | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Otitis Externa | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| Acute otitis externa | 1 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1 | ||
| Risk Factors | 1 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 2 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2 | ||
| Treatment | 4 | ||
| Monitoring | 6 | ||
| Prevention | 6 | ||
| Complications | 6 | ||
| Chronic otitis externa | 6 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 7 | ||
| Physical Examination | 7 | ||
| Diagnosis | 7 | ||
| Treatment | 7 | ||
| Complications | 8 | ||
| Summary | 8 | ||
| References | 8 | ||
| Acute Otitis Media | 11 | ||
| Key points | 11 | ||
| Epidemiology | 11 | ||
| Prevention | 12 | ||
| Diagnosis | 13 | ||
| Treatment | 13 | ||
| Analgesia | 13 | ||
| Antibiotic therapy | 14 | ||
| Observation | 15 | ||
| Surgical options | 15 | ||
| Summary | 16 | ||
| References | 16 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 19 | ||
| Key points | 19 | ||
| Introduction | 19 | ||
| Epidemiology | 20 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 20 | ||
| Diagnosis | 20 | ||
| Physical Examination | 20 | ||
| Imaging | 22 | ||
| Audiometric Evaluation | 23 | ||
| Etiology | 24 | ||
| Embryonic Developmental Anomalies | 24 | ||
| Genetic Causes of Hearing Loss | 24 | ||
| Infectious | 25 | ||
| Noise Exposure | 25 | ||
| Otosclerosis | 25 | ||
| Trauma | 25 | ||
| Ototoxicity | 26 | ||
| Acoustic Neuroma | 26 | ||
| Autoimmune | 26 | ||
| Central Auditory Processing Disorder | 26 | ||
| Presbycusis | 26 | ||
| Meniere Disease | 27 | ||
| Treatment | 27 | ||
| Assistive listening devices and amplification | 28 | ||
| Summary | 29 | ||
| References | 29 | ||
| Rhinitis | 33 | ||
| Key points | 33 | ||
| Introduction | 34 | ||
| Epidemiology | 34 | ||
| Allergic rhinitis | 34 | ||
| Classification | 34 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 34 | ||
| Early and late phase reactions | 35 | ||
| Prevention | 35 | ||
| Diagnosis | 36 | ||
| History | 36 | ||
| Treatment | 36 | ||
| Nonallergic rhinitis | 37 | ||
| Classification | 37 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 38 | ||
| Diagnosis/History | 38 | ||
| Treatment | 38 | ||
| Local allergic rhinitis | 38 | ||
| Diagnostic testing | 39 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 39 | ||
| Medications | 39 | ||
| Intranasal Corticosteroids | 39 | ||
| Oral Antihistamines | 41 | ||
| Intranasal Antihistamines | 41 | ||
| Intranasal Ipratropium | 43 | ||
| Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists | 43 | ||
| Nasal Cromolyn | 43 | ||
| Decongestants | 43 | ||
| Combination Therapies | 44 | ||
| Nasal Saline | 44 | ||
| Anti-IgE | 44 | ||
| Systemic Steroids | 44 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 44 | ||
| Subcutaneous immunotherapy | 44 | ||
| Monitoring | 45 | ||
| Infectious rhinitis/rhinosinusitis | 45 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| Rhinosinusitis | 47 | ||
| Key points | 47 | ||
| Introduction | 47 | ||
| Acute Versus Chronic Sinusitis | 48 | ||
| Pathophysiology of sinusitis | 49 | ||
| Normal Sinus Anatomy and Function | 49 | ||
| Sinus Disease | 49 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Sinusitis | 49 | ||
| Sinusitis or Common Cold? | 50 | ||
| Chronic Versus Acute Sinusitis | 51 | ||
| Microbiology in Sinusitis | 51 | ||
| Epidemiology of sinusitis | 51 | ||
| Frequency | 51 | ||
| Risk Factors for Sinusitis | 52 | ||
| Diagnosis | 52 | ||
| Classification on Sinusitis | 52 | ||
| Physical Examination Findings | 52 | ||
| Differentiating Bacterial from Viral Sinusitis | 53 | ||
| Use of Imaging in Acute Sinusitis | 53 | ||
| Treatment | 54 | ||
| General Management Recommendations | 54 | ||
| Management of Presumed Bacterial Sinusitis | 54 | ||
| Choice of Antibiotic for Acute Bacterial Sinusitis | 55 | ||
| Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Acute Bacterial Sinusitis | 56 | ||
| Poor Response to Treatment or Recurrence | 56 | ||
| Treatment Considerations in Children with Sinusitis | 56 | ||
| Chronic Sinusitis | 57 | ||
| Complications | 57 | ||
| Prevention | 58 | ||
| Guidelines | 58 | ||
| Summary | 59 | ||
| References | 59 | ||
| Epistaxis | 63 | ||
| Key points | 63 | ||
| Epidemiology | 63 | ||
| Anatomy | 63 | ||
| Cause | 64 | ||
| Prevention | 65 | ||
| Evaluation | 66 | ||
| Differentiating between anterior nasal bleeds and posterior nasal bleeds | 67 | ||
| Treatment for anterior nosebleeds | 67 | ||
| Treatment for posterior nosebleeds | 70 | ||
| References | 72 | ||
| Diseases of the Mouth | 75 | ||
| Key points | 75 | ||
| Introduction | 75 | ||
| Infections of the mouth | 76 | ||
| Caries | 76 | ||
| Description | 76 | ||
| Risk factors | 76 | ||
| Prevalence | 76 | ||
| Clinical implications | 76 | ||
| Diagnostic options and dilemmas | 76 | ||
| Management | 77 | ||
| Candidiasis | 77 | ||
| Description | 77 | ||
| Risk factors | 77 | ||
| Prevalence | 77 | ||
| Clinical implications | 78 | ||
| Diagnostic options and dilemmas | 78 | ||
| Management | 78 | ||
| Inflammatory conditions of the mouth | 78 | ||
| Gingivitis | 78 | ||
| Description | 78 | ||
| Risk factors | 78 | ||
| Prevalence | 78 | ||
| Clinical implications | 79 | ||
| Pharyngitis | 91 | ||
| Key points | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| Causes/epidemiology of pharyngitis | 91 | ||
| History and physical examination | 92 | ||
| Viral Pharyngitis | 93 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis | 93 | ||
| Acute Retroviral Syndrome | 93 | ||
| GAS Pharyngitis | 93 | ||
| Streptococcosis | 93 | ||
| Scarlet Fever | 93 | ||
| Diagnosis | 94 | ||
| Acute Mononucleosis | 94 | ||
| Acute Retroviral Syndrome | 94 | ||
| Group C and G Streptococci | 95 | ||
| Fn | 95 | ||
| Treatment | 95 | ||
| Topical treatment | 95 | ||
| Systemic analgesics | 95 | ||
| Antibiotics | 95 | ||
| GAS | 95 | ||
| Group C or G beta-hemolytic Streptococcus | 96 | ||
| Fn | 96 | ||
| Follow-up | 96 | ||
| Recurrent GAS pharyngitis | 96 | ||
| GAS Carrier | 97 | ||
| Complications | 97 | ||
| Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Group A Streptococci | 97 | ||
| References | 97 | ||
| Laryngeal Problems | 99 | ||
| Key points | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 99 | ||
| Patient history | 100 | ||
| Physical examination | 100 | ||
| Anatomy | 100 | ||
| Specific conditions | 101 | ||
| Reinke Edema | 101 | ||
| Nasolaryngoscopy | 109 | ||
| Key points | 109 | ||
| Introduction: nature of the problem | 109 | ||
| Indications/contraindications | 110 | ||
| Equipment | 110 | ||
| Patient preparation | 110 | ||
| Technique | 111 | ||
| Complications and management | 112 | ||
| Postoperative care | 112 | ||
| Reporting, follow-up, and clinical implications | 112 | ||
| Outcomes | 113 | ||
| Current controversies/future considerations | 113 | ||
| Summary | 113 | ||
| References | 113 | ||
| Dizziness and Vertigo | 115 | ||
| Key points | 115 | ||
| Introduction | 115 | ||
| Benign paroxysmal peripheral vertigo | 115 | ||
| Epidemiology | 116 | ||
| Risk Factors | 116 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 116 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 117 | ||
| Diagnosis | 117 | ||
| Diagnostic maneuvers | 117 | ||
| Radiographic imaging | 119 | ||
| Vestibular function testing | 120 | ||
| Treatment | 120 | ||
| Epley maneuver | 120 | ||
| Lempert maneuver | 120 | ||
| Vestibular rehabilitation | 120 | ||
| Pharmacologic | 120 | ||
| Observation | 120 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 121 | ||
| Vestibular neuritis | 121 | ||
| Epidemiology | 121 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 121 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 121 | ||
| Diagnosis | 122 | ||
| Head-thrust test | 122 | ||
| HINTS: three steps to rule out stroke | 122 | ||
| Radiographic imaging | 123 | ||
| Vestibular function testing | 123 | ||
| Treatment | 123 | ||
| Medications | 123 | ||
| Vestibular rehabilitation | 123 | ||
| Vestibular migraine | 123 | ||
| Epidemiology | 123 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 124 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 124 | ||
| Diagnosis | 124 | ||
| Treatment | 124 | ||
| Lifestyle | 124 | ||
| Medications | 125 | ||
| Vestibular rehabilitation | 125 | ||
| Meniere's disease | 125 | ||
| Epidemiology | 125 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 125 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 126 | ||
| Diagnosis | 127 | ||
| Radiographic imaging | 127 | ||
| Vestibular function testing | 127 | ||
| Treatment | 128 | ||
| Lifestyle changes | 128 | ||
| Medications | 128 | ||
| Vestibular rehabilitation | 128 | ||
| Hearing aids | 128 | ||
| Intratympanic glucocorticoids | 128 | ||
| Meniett device | 128 | ||
| Endolymphatic sac procedures | 129 | ||
| Intratympanic gentamycin | 129 | ||
| Vestibular neurectomy | 129 | ||
| Labyrinthectomy | 129 | ||
| Bilateral disease | 129 | ||
| Summary | 129 | ||
| References | 129 | ||
| Neurologic Syndromes of the Head and Neck | 133 | ||
| Key points | 133 | ||
| Ear pain | 134 | ||
| Sinus pain | 134 | ||
| Herpes zoster | 134 | ||
| Herpes zoster ophthalmicus | 137 | ||
| Herpes zoster oticus: Ramsay Hunt syndrome | 137 | ||
| Bell's palsy and other causes of facial paralysis | 138 | ||
| Facial paralysis in children | 140 | ||
| Cranial nerve neuralgias | 142 | ||
| Superior laryngeal neuralgia (branch of cranial nerve X) | 142 | ||
| Trigeminal neuralgia | 145 | ||
| Glossopharyngeal neuralgia | 145 | ||
| Nervus intermedius (geniculate) neuralgia | 146 | ||
| Raeder paratrigeminal syndrome | 147 | ||
| Summary | 147 | ||
| References | 147 | ||
| Index | 151 |