BOOK
Abeloff's Clinical Oncology E-Book
Martin D. Abeloff | James O. Armitage | John E. Niederhuber | Michael B. Kastan | W. Gillies McKenna
(2008)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Carrying on the tradition established by its founding editor, the late Dr. Martin Abeloff, the 4th Edition of this respected reference synthesizes all of the latest oncology knowledge in one practical, clinically focused, easy-to-use volume. It incorporates basic science, pathology, diagnosis, management, outcomes, rehabilitation, and prevention – all in one convenient resource – equipping you to overcome your toughest clinical challenges. What's more, you can access the complete contents of this Expert Consult title online, and tap into its unparalleled guidance wherever and whenever you need it most!
- Equips you to select the most appropriate tests and imaging studies for diagnosing and staging each type of cancer, and manage your patients most effectively using all of the latest techniques and approaches.
- Explores all of the latest scientific discoveries' implications for cancer diagnosis and management.
- Employs a multidisciplinary approach - with contributions from pathologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists - for well-rounded perspectives on the problems you face.
- Offers a user-friendly layout with a consistent chapter format • summary boxes • a full-color design • and more than 1,445 illustrations (1,200 in full color), to make reference easy and efficient.
- Offers access to the book's complete contents online – fully searchable – from anyplace with an Internet connection.
- Presents discussions on cutting-edge new topics including nanotechnology, functional imaging, signal transduction inhibitors, hormone modulators, complications of transplantation, and much more.
- Includes an expanded color art program that highlights key points, illustrates relevant science and clinical problems, and enhances your understanding of complex concepts.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| ABELOFF’S CLINICAL ONCOLOGY | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Memorial | vii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Contributors | xi | ||
| Table of contents | xxvii | ||
| PART I: SCIENCE OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY | 1 | ||
| Section A: Biology and Cancer | 3 | ||
| Chapter 1: Molecular Tools in Cancer Research | 3 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 3 | ||
| OUR UNSTABLE HEREDITY | 3 | ||
| ENGINEERING GENES | 7 | ||
| LOSING CONTROL OF THE GENOME | 7 | ||
| PROFILING TUMORS | 9 | ||
| THE CANCER PROTEOME | 12 | ||
| MODELING CANCER IN VIVO | 15 | ||
| MODELS OF RECESSIVE GENE MUTATIONS IN CANCER | 17 | ||
| RECOMMENDED TEXTS | 19 | ||
| FURTHER SELECTED READING | 19 | ||
| Chapter 2: Intracellular Signaling | 21 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 21 | ||
| FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE | 22 | ||
| CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND APPLICATIONS | 28 | ||
| REFERENCES | 29 | ||
| Chapter 3: The Cellular Microenvironment and Metastases | 33 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 33 | ||
| MULTISTEP PROCESS OF METASTASIS | 33 | ||
| LYMPHATIC METASTASIS | 39 | ||
| COLONIZATION BY METASTATIC TUMOR CELLS | 39 | ||
| HOST-TUMOR CELL INTERACTIONS | 42 | ||
| DORMANT CELLS | 42 | ||
| CANCER STEM CELLS AND METASTASIS | 42 | ||
| ANTIMETASTATIC THERAPY | 42 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 43 | ||
| REFERENCES | 44 | ||
| Chapter 4: Control of the Cell Cycle | 49 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 49 | ||
| CELL CYCLE MACHINERY | 50 | ||
| CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS | 57 | ||
| CELL CYCLE DEREGULATION IN HUMAN CANCERS | 60 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC MANIPULATION OF CELL CYCLE CONTROLS | 61 | ||
| SUMMARY | 62 | ||
| REFERENCES | 62 | ||
| Chapter 5: Cell Life and Death | 67 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 67 | ||
| FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE | 67 | ||
| APOPTOSIS IN CANCER | 70 | ||
| MANIPULATING CELL DEATH IN CANCER TREATMENT | 73 | ||
| SUMMARY | 75 | ||
| REFERENCES | 75 | ||
| Chapter 6: Cancer Immunology | 77 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 77 | ||
| HOW DO TUMORS DIFFER FROM SELF TISSUES? | 77 | ||
| EVIDENCE PRO AND CON FOR IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE OF CANCER | 78 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNITY, EPITHELIAL IMMUNITY, AND TUMOR IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE | 80 | ||
| IMMUNE TOLERANCE AND IMMUNE EVASION—THE HALLMARK OF A SUCCESSFUL TUMOR | 81 | ||
| REGULATORY T CELLS AND CANCER | 83 | ||
| ONCOGENIC PATHWAYS ACTIVELY MEDIATE TUMOR–IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTIONS | 84 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT | 85 | ||
| PROCARCINOGENIC VERSUS ANTICARCINOGENIC ROLES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE | 87 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR MANIPULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMOR CELLS | 88 | ||
| REFERENCES | 89 | ||
| Chapter 7: Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, and Cancer | 95 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 95 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF NORMAL STEM CELLS | 95 | ||
| GENETIC REGULATION OF SELF-RENEWAL IN NORMAL STEM CELLS AND CANCER CELLS | 96 | ||
| TARGET CELLS FOR MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION | 97 | ||
| EVIDENCE FOR CANCER STEM CELLS | 99 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS OF CANCER STEM CELLS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER | 101 | ||
| FUTURE IMPLICATIONS OF CANCER STEM CELLS | 102 | ||
| REFERENCES | 102 | ||
| Chapter 8: Vascular and Interstitial Biology of Tumors | 105 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 105 | ||
| VASCULAR COMPARTMENT | 105 | ||
| VASCULAR PERMEABILITY | 109 | ||
| EXTRAVASCULAR COMPARTMENT | 111 | ||
| METABOLIC ENVIRONMENT | 116 | ||
| ANTIANGIOGENIC AGENTS IN THE CLINIC | 118 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 120 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 120 | ||
| REFERENCES | 120 | ||
| Section B: Genesis of Cancer | 125 | ||
| Chapter 9: Environmental Factors | 125 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 125 | ||
| ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF HUMAN CANCERS | 127 | ||
| DIETARY MODIFIERS OF CARCINOGENESIS: NATURALLY OCCURRING CARCINOGENS AND ANTICARCINOGENS | 133 | ||
| EXPOSURE BIOMARKERS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS | 134 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACHES TO CANCER PREVENTION | 135 | ||
| SUMMARY | 136 | ||
| REFERENCES | 137 | ||
| Chapter 10: DNA Damage Response Pathways and Cancer | 139 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 139 | ||
| TYPES OF DNA DAMAGE | 140 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF DNA DAMAGE | 140 | ||
| DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE PATHWAYS | 140 | ||
| TYPES OF DNA REPAIR AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO CANCER | 142 | ||
| OTHER CANCER-PRONE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH GENOMIC INSTABILITY | 148 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 150 | ||
| REFERENCES | 150 | ||
| Chapter 11: Viruses and Human Cancer | 153 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 153 | ||
| HUMAN TUMOR VIRUSES | 153 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF VIRAL TUMORS | 163 | ||
| REFERENCES | 164 | ||
| Chapter 12: Genetic Factors: Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Syndromes | 171 | ||
| MAJOR SYNDROMES OF CANCER PREDISPOSITION | 171 | ||
| RECENTLY CHARACTERIZED CANCER PREDISPOSITION SYNDROMES | 182 | ||
| OTHER FAMILIAL NEOPLASMS | 186 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 186 | ||
| REFERENCES | 186 | ||
| Chapter 13: Genetic Factors: Finding Cancer Susceptibility Genes | 193 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 193 | ||
| FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE | 194 | ||
| GENOME-WIDE SCANS | 196 | ||
| ASSOCIATION STUDIES | 200 | ||
| GENETIC COUNSELING AND TESTING | 202 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE | 203 | ||
| REFERENCES | 203 | ||
| Chapter 14: Progressing from Gene Mutations to Cancer | 207 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 207 | ||
| CANCERS ARISE FROM THE ACCUMULATION OF MULTIPLE GENE DEFECTS | 208 | ||
| CLONAL SELECTION AND EVOLUTION IN CANCER | 209 | ||
| ONCOGENE AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE DEFECTS IN CANCER TARGET CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAYS | 210 | ||
| CONTRIBUTION OF GENE DEFECTS TO THE SIGNATURE TRAITS OF CANCER CELLS | 215 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 221 | ||
| REFERENCES | 221 | ||
| Chapter 15: Immunodeficiency and Cancer | 223 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 223 | ||
| HISTORY | 223 | ||
| LYMPHOMAS AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 224 | ||
| CARCINOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE DEFICIENCIES | 228 | ||
| REFERENCES | 230 | ||
| Section C: Diagnosing Cancer: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine | 233 | ||
| Chapter 16: Principles of Oncologic Surgical Pathology | 233 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 234 | ||
| ONCOLOGIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY REPORT | 234 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE CONSULTATION | 235 | ||
| IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY | 235 | ||
| FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION | 237 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 237 | ||
| REFERENCES | 238 | ||
| Chapter 17: Flow Cytometry in Oncologic Diagnosis | 241 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 241 | ||
| METHODS | 241 | ||
| APPLICATIONS OF FLOW CYTOMETRY TO CLINICAL ONCOLOGY | 242 | ||
| FUTURE OF FLOW CYTOMETRY IN CLINICAL ONCOLOGY | 246 | ||
| REFERENCES | 246 | ||
| Chapter 18: Conventional and Molecular Cytogenetics of Neoplasia | 249 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 249 | ||
| METHODS AND APPLICATIONS | 249 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 252 | ||
| REFERENCES | 262 | ||
| Chapter 19: Molecular Diagnostics | 265 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 265 | ||
| METHODS | 265 | ||
| APPLICATIONS | 267 | ||
| SOLID TUMORS | 270 | ||
| NEWER DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS | 272 | ||
| BUSINESS, REGULATORY, AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS | 272 | ||
| SUMMARY | 273 | ||
| REFERENCES | 273 | ||
| Chapter 20: Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnostics | 277 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 277 | ||
| METHODS | 278 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF TUMOR MARKERS | 278 | ||
| ANALYTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 280 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 281 | ||
| REFERENCES | 281 | ||
| Chapter 21: Imaging | 283 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 284 | ||
| GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 284 | ||
| MAJOR IMAGING MODALITIES | 288 | ||
| ANATOMIC VERSUS FUNCTIONAL IMAGING | 291 | ||
| DISEASE-SPECIFIC IMAGING RECOMMENDATIONS | 291 | ||
| DEFINING NORMAL ORGAN FUNCTION FOR CANCER THERAPY | 304 | ||
| GUIDANCE OF RADIATION THERAPY | 304 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES | 305 | ||
| EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN IMAGING | 305 | ||
| SUMMARY | 305 | ||
| REFERENCES | 306 | ||
| Section D: Preventing and Treating Cancer | 309 | ||
| Chapter 22: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics in Clinical Trials | 309 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 309 | ||
| SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN CLINICAL TRIALS | 310 | ||
| TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIALS | 311 | ||
| COMPARATIVE STUDIES | 312 | ||
| TRIAL IMPLEMENTATION | 315 | ||
| ANALYSIS | 316 | ||
| PUBLICATION AND INTERPRETATION | 320 | ||
| BIOINFORMATICS AND CLINICAL TRIALS | 322 | ||
| DESIGN | 322 | ||
| SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 324 | ||
| REFERENCES | 325 | ||
| Chapter 23: Structures Supporting Cancer Clinical Trials | 327 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 327 | ||
| NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE–SPONSORED CLINICAL TRIALS ACTIVITIES | 327 | ||
| CENTRAL INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD | 329 | ||
| OTHER NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE–SPONSORED STRUCTURES SUPPORTING CLINICAL TRIALS | 330 | ||
| BIOPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY–SPONSORED CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS | 331 | ||
| EXPECTATIONS OF CLINICAL RESEARCH SITES | 333 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 334 | ||
| REFERENCES | 335 | ||
| Chapter 24: Economic Analysis of Cancer Treatment | 337 | ||
| CANCER CARE IS EXPENSIVE | 337 | ||
| CANCER COSTS: ESTIMATES FROM MEDICARE POPULATIONS | 339 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 341 | ||
| REFERENCES | 342 | ||
| Chapter 25: Use of Epidemiology in Oncology | 343 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 344 | ||
| STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS AS HYPOTHESES TESTABLE USING EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | 344 | ||
| ELEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF STUDIES USING EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | 344 | ||
| DRAWING INFERENCES FROM STUDIES USING EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | 358 | ||
| FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE USE OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS IN ONCOLOGIC RESEARCH | 359 | ||
| REFERENCES | 360 | ||
| Chapter 26: Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Early Detection | 361 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 361 | ||
| AERODIGESTIVE MALIGNANCIES | 367 | ||
| COLORECTAL CANCER | 369 | ||
| BREAST CANCER | 373 | ||
| PROSTATE CANCER | 376 | ||
| SKIN CANCERS | 379 | ||
| OVARIAN CANCER | 383 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER | 385 | ||
| INTERNATIONALLY IMPORTANT CANCERS | 387 | ||
| USEFUL RESOURCES | 387 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 388 | ||
| REFERENCES | 388 | ||
| Chapter 27: Nicotine Dependence: Current Treatments and Future Directions | 397 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 397 | ||
| CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE | 397 | ||
| TOBACCO USE IN THE ONCOLOGIC SETTING | 400 | ||
| PUBLIC POLICY EFFORTS TO REDUCE CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION | 403 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS | 404 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 404 | ||
| REFERENCES | 404 | ||
| Chapter28: Surgical Interventions in Cancer | 407 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 407 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 407 | ||
| SURGICAL ONCOLOGIST | 408 | ||
| SURGEON’S ROLE IN CANCER MANAGEMENT | 410 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CANCER | 413 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 414 | ||
| REFERENCES | 415 | ||
| Chapter 29: Basics of Radiation Therapy | 417 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 417 | ||
| RADIATION ONCOLOGY PHYSICS | 418 | ||
| BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION | 423 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATION OF RADIOBIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES | 433 | ||
| PROCESS IN RADIATION TREATMENT | 436 | ||
| NEW MODALITIES IN RADIATION | 439 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 445 | ||
| REFERENCES | 445 | ||
| Chapter 30: Systemic Therapy | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| HISTORY OF DRUG DISCOVERY | 450 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY | 450 | ||
| TARGETED AGENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT | 452 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES | 453 | ||
| CLINICAL USES OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY | 455 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PROCESS | 457 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS | 459 | ||
| REFERENCES | 481 | ||
| Chapter 31: Principles of Molecularly Targeted Therapy: Present and Future | 485 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
| MOLECULAR TARGETS | 485 | ||
| PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULARLY TARGETED ANTICANCER AGENTS | 488 | ||
| CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULARLY TARGETED AGENTS | 490 | ||
| RATIONAL USE OF FUNCTIONAL AND MOLECULAR IMAGING | 493 | ||
| PATIENT SELECTION | 494 | ||
| RATIONAL APPROACHES TO COMBINATION THERAPY | 495 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 497 | ||
| REFERENCES | 497 | ||
| Chapter 32: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 501 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 501 | ||
| TYPES OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 502 | ||
| MALIGNANT DISEASES TREATED WITH HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 504 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 507 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 509 | ||
| REFERENCES | 509 | ||
| Chapter 33: Gene Therapy in Oncology | 513 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 513 | ||
| VECTORS | 513 | ||
| GENE TARGETING | 519 | ||
| CLINICAL TRIAL STRATEGIES | 524 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 526 | ||
| REFERENCES | 527 | ||
| Chapter 34: Therapeutic Antibodies and Immunologic Conjugates | 531 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 531 | ||
| EFFECTOR MECHANISMS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 531 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATION OF NAKED MAb DIRECTED AT CANCER CELLS | 533 | ||
| IMMUNOCONJUGATES | 534 | ||
| IMPROVING THE EFFICACY OF ANTIBODY-BASED CANCER THERAPIES | 538 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE TARGETS FOR ANTICANCER ANTIBODIES | 539 | ||
| REFERENCES | 539 | ||
| Chapter 35: Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 545 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 545 | ||
| DEFINITION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | 545 | ||
| UTILIZATION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | 546 | ||
| CANCER PREVENTION AND COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | 546 | ||
| COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE MODALITIES AND THEIR LEGISLATION AND REGULATION | 548 | ||
| THE CANCER PATIENT AND POPULAR COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE THERAPIES | 551 | ||
| COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND TOXICITIES | 554 | ||
| THE INTERNET AND COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | 556 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE CANCER CLINICS | 556 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 558 | ||
| REFERENCES | 558 | ||
| PART II: PROBLEMS COMMON TO CANCER AND ITS THERAPY | 563 | ||
| Section A: Symptom Management and Palliative Care | 565 | ||
| Chapter 36: Cancer Pain | 565 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 565 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH PAIN | 567 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CANCER PAIN | 569 | ||
| DIFFICULT-TO-MANAGE PAIN PROBLEMS | 574 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 576 | ||
| REFERENCES | 576 | ||
| Chapter 37: Rehabilitation of Individuals with Cancer | 579 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 579 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER DISABILITY | 579 | ||
| OUTCOME MEASURES FOR CANCER REHABILITATION | 580 | ||
| IMPAIRMENTS | 580 | ||
| ACTIVITY LIMITATIONS | 586 | ||
| PARTICIPATION RESTRICTIONS | 587 | ||
| REFERENCES | 588 | ||
| Chapter 38: Cachexia | 591 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 591 | ||
| ANOREXIA AND CACHEXIA | 591 | ||
| CHANGES IN HOST TISSUES IN CACHEXIA | 592 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF CACHEXIA | 595 | ||
| SUMMARY | 596 | ||
| REFERENCES | 596 | ||
| Chapter 39: Nausea and Vomiting | 598 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 598 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VOMITING REFLEX | 598 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EMESIS | 599 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING | 602 | ||
| SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMBINATION ANTIEMETIC THERAPY | 605 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 605 | ||
| REFERENCES | 606 | ||
| Chapter 40: Oral Complications | 609 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 609 | ||
| ORAL COMPLICATIONS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY INCLUDING MYELOABLATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY | 610 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 614 | ||
| REFERENCES | 620 | ||
| Chapter 41: Alopecia and Cutaneous Complications | 625 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 625 | ||
| NONSPECIFIC REACTIONS | 626 | ||
| RADIATION-ASSOCIATED REACTIONS | 633 | ||
| REACTIONS TO BIOLOGIC RESPONSE MODIFIERS | 635 | ||
| REFERENCES | 639 | ||
| Chapter 42: Lymphedema | 641 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 641 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION | 641 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 642 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 642 | ||
| MEDICAL MANAGEMENT | 644 | ||
| SURGICAL MANAGEMENT | 645 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 649 | ||
| THE FUTURE | 653 | ||
| SUMMARY | 653 | ||
| REFERENCES | 654 | ||
| Chapter 43: Fatigue | 657 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 657 | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF FATIGUE | 658 | ||
| EVALUATION | 658 | ||
| CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS | 660 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 661 | ||
| REFERENCES | 662 | ||
| Chapter 44: Caring for Patients at the End of Life | 665 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 665 | ||
| COMMUNICATION NEEDS OF PATIENTS AND FAMILIES | 666 | ||
| DISTRESS | 666 | ||
| AGITATION IN THE DYING PATIENT | 669 | ||
| HOSPICE CARE | 672 | ||
| GRIEF AND BEREAVEMENT | 673 | ||
| REFERENCES | 675 | ||
| Section B: HEMATOLOGIC PROBLEMS | 677 | ||
| Chapter 45: Disorders of Blood Cell Production in Clinical Oncology | 677 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 677 | ||
| DISORDERS OF RED CELLS | 677 | ||
| DISORDERS OF WHITE CELLS | 681 | ||
| DISORDERS OF PLATELETS | 682 | ||
| ACQUIRED MARROW FAILURE STATES | 684 | ||
| CONGENITAL MARROW FAILURE STATES | 684 | ||
| CELLULAR TREATMENT OF CYTOPENIAS | 684 | ||
| REFERENCES | 685 | ||
| Chapter 46: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cancer-Related Venous Thrombosis | 693 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 694 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM | 694 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY OF CANCER-RELATED VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM | 694 | ||
| CANCER-ASSOCIATED HYPERCOAGULABILITY | 695 | ||
| CHALLENGES OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM DIAGNOSIS IN CANCER PATIENTS | 696 | ||
| CHALLENGES OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM TREATMENT IN CANCER PATIENTS | 697 | ||
| CANCER PATIENT RESPONSE TO LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS | 699 | ||
| LOWER-EXTREMITY DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS MANAGEMENT | 699 | ||
| UPPER-EXTREMITY DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS MANAGEMENT | 704 | ||
| PULMONARY EMBOLISM MANAGEMENT | 705 | ||
| INFERIOR VENA CAVA AND INTRA-ABDOMINAL DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS MANAGEMENT | 707 | ||
| SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS MANAGEMENT | 708 | ||
| INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTERS | 708 | ||
| VENOUS THROMBOSIS PREVENTION IN THE CANCER PATIENT | 708 | ||
| FUTURE PROSPECTS | 711 | ||
| REFERENCES | 711 | ||
| Section C: INFECTIONS | 717 | ||
| Chapter 47: Infection in the Patient with Cancer | 717 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 717 | ||
| INFECTION RISK FACTORS | 717 | ||
| SOURCES OF INFECTION | 718 | ||
| APPROACH TO FEVER IN THE NEUTROPENIC PATIENT | 719 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 719 | ||
| INITIAL EVALUATION | 720 | ||
| EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY: GENERAL PRINCIPLES | 720 | ||
| INITIAL EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY | 721 | ||
| ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES | 723 | ||
| INFECTIONS IN THE PATIENT WITH CANCER | 724 | ||
| PREVENTION OF INFECTIONS IN SELECTED RISK GROUPS | 728 | ||
| PRETRANSPLANTATION MEASURES TO PREVENT INFECTION | 732 | ||
| REFERENCES | 733 | ||
| Section D: METABOLIC AND PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 739 | ||
| Chapter 48: Hypercalcemia | 739 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 739 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 739 | ||
| TYPES OF HYPERCALCEMIA OF MALIGNANCY | 740 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT | 742 | ||
| GRADING THE COMPLICATION | 743 | ||
| TREATMENT | 743 | ||
| REFERENCES | 747 | ||
| Chapter 49: Hyponatremia | 749 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 749 | ||
| OSMOLAR HOMEOSTASIS: CONTROL OF WATER AND SODIUM | 750 | ||
| HYPONATREMIC STATES | 750 | ||
| HYPONATREMIA IN ASSOCIATION WITH HORMONE DEFICIENCIES | 754 | ||
| SYMPTOMS AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPONATREMIA | 754 | ||
| EXAMPLE CASES | 756 | ||
| REFERENCES | 758 | ||
| Chapter 50: Tumor Lysis Syndrome | 759 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 759 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 760 | ||
| TREATMENT | 762 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 763 | ||
| REFERENCES | 764 | ||
| Chapter 51: Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes | 767 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 767 | ||
| PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 768 | ||
| PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 772 | ||
| PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION | 774 | ||
| PARANEOPLASTIC MYOPATHIC SYNDROMES | 774 | ||
| REFERENCES | 776 | ||
| Section E: SURGICAL PROBLEMS | 779 | ||
| Chapter 52: Establishing and Maintaining Vascular Access | 779 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 779 | ||
| CHOOSING THE RIGHT DEVICE | 779 | ||
| INSERTING VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICES | 781 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICES | 786 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF NONFUNCTIONING CATHETERS | 788 | ||
| VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICE MAINTENANCE | 789 | ||
| SUMMARY | 789 | ||
| REFERENCES | 789 | ||
| Chapter 53: Acute Abdomen, Bowel Obstruction, and Fistula | 791 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 791 | ||
| ACUTE ABDOMEN: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 791 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION | 792 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING | 792 | ||
| ADVERSE EVENTS WITH CYTOTOXIC AGENTS LEADING TO BLEEDING OR PERFORATION | 793 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS IN THE CANCER PATIENT | 794 | ||
| INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION | 795 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS FOLLOWING BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION | 797 | ||
| FISTULAE | 798 | ||
| REFERENCES | 800 | ||
| Section F: LOCAL EFFECTS OF CANCER AND ITS METASTASIS | 803 | ||
| Chapter 54: Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | 803 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 803 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 803 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 804 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 805 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 805 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH | 806 | ||
| TREATMENT | 808 | ||
| SURGERY | 809 | ||
| SUPPORTIVE MEASURES | 812 | ||
| SUMMARY | 812 | ||
| REFERENCES | 812 | ||
| Chapter 55: Spinal Cord Compression | 815 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 815 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 815 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 816 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 816 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 817 | ||
| TREATMENT | 818 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 823 | ||
| REFERENCES | 825 | ||
| Chapter 56: Brain Metastases and Neoplastic Meningitis | 827 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 827 | ||
| BRAIN METASTASES | 827 | ||
| NEOPLASTIC MENINGITIS | 839 | ||
| REFERENCES | 841 | ||
| Chapter 57: Bone Metastases | 845 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 845 | ||
| CAUSES | 846 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 849 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT | 854 | ||
| TREATMENT | 856 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF BONE METASTASES | 866 | ||
| SUMMARY | 868 | ||
| REFERENCES | 868 | ||
| Chapter 58: Lung Metastases | 873 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 873 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 874 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACHES TO LUNG METASTASIS | 876 | ||
| PULMONARY METASTASECTOMY FOR SPECIFIC TUMOR TYPES | 877 | ||
| REFERENCES | 882 | ||
| Chapter 59: Liver Metastases | 885 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 886 | ||
| DETECTION | 886 | ||
| HEPATIC RESECTION | 888 | ||
| SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY | 898 | ||
| HEPATIC ARTERIAL EMBOLIZATION | 908 | ||
| CHEMOEMBOLIZATION | 909 | ||
| CRYOSURGERY | 910 | ||
| RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION AND MICROWAVE COAGULATION | 910 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS ETHANOL INJECTION | 911 | ||
| ISOLATION PERFUSION | 911 | ||
| GENE THERAPY | 912 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 912 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 915 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 916 | ||
| REFERENCES | 916 | ||
| Chapter 60: Effusions | 925 | ||
| MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS | 926 | ||
| PERICARDIAL EFFUSION | 933 | ||
| ASCITES | 937 | ||
| REFERENCES | 941 | ||
| Section G: COMPLICATIONS OF THERAPY | 945 | ||
| Chapter 61: Neurologic Complications | 945 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 945 | ||
| SPECIFIC AGENTS | 946 | ||
| BIOLOGIC RESPONSE MODIFIERS | 951 | ||
| RADIATION NEUROTOXICITY | 952 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 953 | ||
| GRADING OF NEUROTOXICITY | 957 | ||
| TREATMENT | 957 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 963 | ||
| REFERENCES | 963 | ||
| Chapter 62: Pulmonary Complications of Anticancer Treatment | 969 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 970 | ||
| PULMONARY TOXICITY OF THORACIC RADIATION THERAPY | 970 | ||
| PULMONARY TOXICITY OF SYSTEMIC ANTICANCER THERAPIES | 976 | ||
| REFERENCES | 979 | ||
| Chapter 63: Cardiac Effects of Cancer Therapy | 983 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 983 | ||
| CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE | 985 | ||
| CONGESTIVE STATES ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CANCER TREATMENT | 991 | ||
| DYSRHYTHMIAS | 992 | ||
| MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA | 992 | ||
| PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE | 993 | ||
| PERICARDIAL DISEASE | 993 | ||
| FLUID RETENTION | 993 | ||
| RADIATION-INDUCED PERICARDIAL DISEASE | 994 | ||
| CARDIOCIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF BIOLOGIC RESPONSE MODIFIERS | 994 | ||
| LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY | 994 | ||
| REFERENCES | 995 | ||
| Chapter 64: Reproductive Complications | 999 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1000 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY | 1000 | ||
| DIRECT EFFECTS OF CANCER ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION | 1000 | ||
| EFFECTS OF CANCER THERAPY ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION | 1001 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION DURING PREGNANCY | 1005 | ||
| PREVENTION | 1007 | ||
| TREATMENT | 1008 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1009 | ||
| Chapter 65: Endocrine Complications | 1013 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1013 | ||
| ROLE OF SURGICAL THERAPY | 1014 | ||
| ROLE OF RADIATION THERAPY | 1014 | ||
| ROLE OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY | 1015 | ||
| ROLE OF BIOLOGIC AGENTS | 1016 | ||
| EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF COMMON ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTION | 1017 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE OF CHILDHOOD CANCER SURVIVORS | 1019 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1019 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 66: Second Malignant Neoplasms | 1023 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1023 | ||
| CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | 1023 | ||
| ADULTS | 1028 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 1033 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1034 | ||
| Section H: SPECIAL POPULATIONS | 1039 | ||
| Chapter 67: Cancer in the Elderly: Biology, Prevention, and Treatment | 1039 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1040 | ||
| BIOLOGY OF AGING | 1040 | ||
| BIOLOGIC INTERACTIONS OF CANCER AND AGING | 1041 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE OLDER PATIENT | 1041 | ||
| CLINICAL ASPECTS OF GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT | 1043 | ||
| CANCER PREVENTION IN OLDER PERSONS | 1044 | ||
| CANCER TREATMENT | 1045 | ||
| PRACTICAL DECISIONS RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF OLDER PATIENTS | 1046 | ||
| NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES RELATED TO CANCER AND AGE | 1046 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 1047 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1047 | ||
| Chapter 68: Special Issues in Pregnancy | 1049 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1049 | ||
| FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHYSIOLOGY | 1049 | ||
| MATERNAL PHYSIOLOGY: RELEVANCE TO CHEMOTHERAPY AND SURGERY | 1049 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY FOR STAGING | 1050 | ||
| TERATOGENICITY OF CHEMOTHERAPY | 1051 | ||
| SPECIFIC CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS | 1051 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY IN PREGNANCY: OVERVIEW | 1053 | ||
| SPECIFIC MALIGNANCIES | 1054 | ||
| HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES | 1056 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS | 1058 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1058 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1058 | ||
| Chapter 69: HIV-Associated Malignancies | 1061 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1062 | ||
| HIV INFECTION | 1062 | ||
| KAPOSI’S SARCOMA | 1062 | ||
| LYMPHOMA | 1065 | ||
| OTHER MALIGNANCIES IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION | 1069 | ||
| CURRENT OUTLOOK | 1069 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1069 | ||
| PART III: SPECIFIC MALIGNANCIES | 1073 | ||
| Chapter 70: Cancer of the Central Nervous System | 1075 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1076 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1076 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1078 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 1079 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 1083 | ||
| SURGERY: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 1085 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS | 1087 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPY | 1090 | ||
| SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOMAS | 1091 | ||
| PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA | 1105 | ||
| MENINGIOMA | 1109 | ||
| PITUITARY ADENOMA | 1111 | ||
| ACOUSTIC NEUROMA | 1114 | ||
| CEREBELLAR HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS | 1115 | ||
| CHORDOMAS AND CHONDROSARCOMAS INVOLVING THE BASE OF THE SKULL | 1115 | ||
| GLOMUS TUMORS OF THE BASE OF THE SKULL | 1116 | ||
| PINEAL REGION TUMORS | 1117 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE SPINAL AXIS | 1117 | ||
| CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS | 1119 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1127 | ||
| Chapter 71: Eye, Orbit, and Adnexal Structures | 1137 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1137 | ||
| RADIATION TOXICITY IN THE EYE | 1138 | ||
| INTRAOCULAR TUMORS | 1143 | ||
| CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS | 1154 | ||
| EYELID TUMORS | 1157 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE ORBIT | 1160 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 1170 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1170 | ||
| Chapter 72: Cancer of the Head and Neck | 1177 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1178 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1178 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1178 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1180 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1185 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATIENT EVALUATION | 1186 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1187 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT AND TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS | 1188 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 1219 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1219 | ||
| Chapter 73: Melanoma | 1229 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1229 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1230 | ||
| CLINICAL RISK FACTORS | 1230 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND BIOPSY | 1230 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1231 | ||
| PROGNOSIS AND MICROSTAGING OF MELANOMA | 1231 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 1232 | ||
| BIOLOGY | 1232 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION AND IMAGING | 1234 | ||
| STAGING CLASSIFICATION | 1235 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1237 | ||
| TREATMENT OF THE PRIMARY | 1238 | ||
| SYSTEMIC THERAPY AND SPECIAL TOPICS | 1241 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCED DISEASE | 1243 | ||
| IMMUNOTHERAPY | 1245 | ||
| TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS | 1247 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP AND SURVEILLANCE PLANS | 1247 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1247 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1247 | ||
| Chapter 74: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas | 1253 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1253 | ||
| GENETICS OF NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER | 1253 | ||
| BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1255 | ||
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND BOWEN’S DISEASE | 1257 | ||
| KERATOACANTHOMA | 1260 | ||
| NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS | 1260 | ||
| SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA | 1261 | ||
| MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA | 1262 | ||
| DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS | 1263 | ||
| CUTANEOUS ANGIOSARCOMA | 1265 | ||
| BEST PRACTICES FOR PATIENT SCREENING AND TUMOR PREVENTION | 1266 | ||
| WHEN AND HOW TO PERFORM BIOPSY | 1266 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1266 | ||
| Chapter 75: Cancer of the Endocrine System | 1271 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1272 | ||
| THYROID CANCER | 1272 | ||
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID | 1280 | ||
| ADRENOCORTICAL CANCER | 1281 | ||
| MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA | 1286 | ||
| PARATHYROID CARCINOMA | 1288 | ||
| MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA | 1288 | ||
| CARCINOID TUMORS | 1290 | ||
| PANCREATIC ISLET CELL TUMORS | 1294 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1299 | ||
| Chapter 76: Cancer of the Lung: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Small Cell Lung Cancer | 1307 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1308 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1308 | ||
| SMOKING CESSATION | 1310 | ||
| BIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER | 1310 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1311 | ||
| EARLY DETECTION AND SCREENING | 1319 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND STAGING OF LUNG CANCER | 1322 | ||
| NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER | 1327 | ||
| SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER | 1346 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1354 | ||
| Chapter 77: Tumors of the Pleura and Mediastinum | 1367 | ||
| PRIMARY TUMORS OF THE PLEURA | 1368 | ||
| METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE PLEURA | 1378 | ||
| MEDIASTINAL TUMORS | 1380 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM | 1381 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM | 1387 | ||
| POSTERIOR MEDIASTINAL TUMORS | 1388 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1390 | ||
| Chapter 78: Cancer of the Esophagus | 1399 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1400 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND LOCATION | 1400 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 1400 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 1400 | ||
| OVERVIEW: THE CHOICE OF THERAPY | 1403 | ||
| DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS | 1405 | ||
| BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS WITH HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA | 1423 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1424 | ||
| Chapter 79: Cancer of the Stomach | 1431 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1431 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 1432 | ||
| PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION | 1432 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1433 | ||
| BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS | 1435 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, PATIENT EVALUATION, STAGING | 1435 | ||
| PRIMARY THERAPY AND RESULTS | 1437 | ||
| ADJUVANT TREATMENT AFTER COMPLETE RESECTION—RESULTS | 1440 | ||
| LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE (BORDERLINE RESECTABLE, UNRESECTABLE, AND RESIDUAL)—TREATMENT AND RESULTS | 1450 | ||
| PALLIATION OF THE INCURABLE PATIENT | 1454 | ||
| THE FUTURE | 1457 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 1459 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1460 | ||
| Chapter 80: Cancer of the Small Bowel | 1465 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 1465 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1466 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1466 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1466 | ||
| BIOLOGY | 1468 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 1469 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1469 | ||
| STAGING CLASSIFICATION | 1470 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1470 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 1472 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP | 1473 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 1473 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1473 | ||
| Chapter 81: Colon Cancer | 1477 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1478 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER | 1478 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER | 1479 | ||
| SCREENING FOR COLON CANCER | 1484 | ||
| PREVENTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER | 1485 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF COLON CANCER | 1490 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COLON | 1499 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 1502 | ||
| OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT AND ROLE OF ADJUVANT THERAPY | 1509 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR ADJUVANT THERAPY | 1511 | ||
| MEDICAL ONCOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC DISEASE | 1518 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1525 | ||
| Chapter 82: Cancer of the Rectum | 1535 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1535 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1536 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, EVALUATION, AND STAGING | 1536 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 1537 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RESECTABLE RECTAL CANCER | 1537 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY | 1540 | ||
| TREATMENT RELATED TOXICITY | 1542 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE THERAPY: RESULTS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS | 1543 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY: RESULTS OF CLINICAL TRIALS | 1544 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION: INCORPORATION OF NOVEL AGENTS | 1546 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE VERSUS POSTOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION: RESULTS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS | 1548 | ||
| ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF CHEMORADIATION AND SURGERY | 1548 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY FOLLOWING LOCAL EXCISION | 1549 | ||
| SPECIFIC RECTAL CANCER MANAGEMENT ISSUES | 1550 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ISOLATED LOCAL AND PELVIC FAILURE | 1551 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1552 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1552 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1553 | ||
| Chapter 83: Cancer of the Anal Canal | 1557 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1557 | ||
| ANATOMY | 1557 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1557 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS | 1557 | ||
| SCREENING, EARLY DETECTION, AND PREVENTION | 1558 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 1558 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 1559 | ||
| STAGING | 1559 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION | 1559 | ||
| TREATMENT | 1560 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1566 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1567 | ||
| Chapter 84: Liver and Bile Duct Cancer | 1569 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1569 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1569 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1570 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1570 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1570 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATIENT EVALUATION | 1570 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1570 | ||
| STAGING CLASSIFICATION | 1572 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1573 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 1574 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY | 1577 | ||
| OUTCOME AFTER TREATMENT OF RECURRENCE | 1578 | ||
| TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS | 1578 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM | 1578 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1579 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1579 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1579 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1579 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1580 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1580 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATIENT EVALUATION | 1580 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1581 | ||
| STAGING CLASSIFICATION | 1581 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1582 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 1582 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY AND TREATMENT OF ADVANCED GALLBLADDER CANCER | 1583 | ||
| TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS | 1584 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION AFTER RESECTION FOR GALLBLADDER CANCER | 1584 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1584 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1585 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1585 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1585 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1586 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATIENT EVALUATION | 1586 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1586 | ||
| STAGING CLASSIFICATION | 1587 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1587 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 1588 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ADVANCED BILE DUCT CANCERS | 1589 | ||
| NOVEL THERAPEUTICS IN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMAS | 1589 | ||
| TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS | 1589 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM | 1590 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1590 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1590 | ||
| Chapter 85: Carcinoma of the Pancreas | 1595 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1595 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 1596 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1596 | ||
| PATHOLOGY AND TUMOR BIOLOGY | 1596 | ||
| GENETICS | 1598 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 1598 | ||
| THERAPY | 1602 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED OR METASTATIC DISEASE | 1607 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1608 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1609 | ||
| Chapter 86: Cancer of the Kidney | 1613 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1613 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR SPORADIC RENAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA | 1613 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1614 | ||
| GENETICS | 1614 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1616 | ||
| STAGING SYSTEMS FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1616 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1618 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH FOR LOCALIZED DISEASE | 1619 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY AFTER NEPHRECTOMY | 1621 | ||
| CYTOREDUCTIVE NEPHRECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1622 | ||
| RESECTION OF METASTASES IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1622 | ||
| CYTOKINE THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED DISEASE | 1623 | ||
| ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS FOR ADVANCED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1624 | ||
| NONMYELOABLATIVE ALLOGENEIC PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 1629 | ||
| VACCINE STRATEGIES FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1629 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1630 | ||
| TREATMENT OF KIDNEY CANCERS WITH NONCONVENTIONAL HISTOLOGIC FEATURES | 1630 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1630 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1631 | ||
| Chapter 87: Carcinoma of the Bladder | 1635 | ||
| BACKGROUND AND INCIDENCE | 1635 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS | 1636 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 1636 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND NATURAL HISTORY | 1636 | ||
| PATHOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY | 1637 | ||
| STAGING | 1638 | ||
| MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | 1639 | ||
| THERAPY | 1640 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1649 | ||
| Chapter 88: Prostate Cancer | 1653 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1653 | ||
| PROSTATE ANATOMY AND FUNCTION | 1654 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF PROSTATE CANCER | 1656 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF PROSTATE CANCER | 1658 | ||
| PREVENTION OF PROSTATE CANCER | 1661 | ||
| PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND STAGING | 1662 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER | 1667 | ||
| SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF METASTATIC CANCER | 1680 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1689 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1689 | ||
| Chapter 89: Cancer of the Penis | 1701 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1701 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1701 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 1701 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1702 | ||
| INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 1703 | ||
| TREATMENT AND RESULTS | 1706 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1710 | ||
| Chapter 90: Testicular Cancer | 1713 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1713 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1713 | ||
| HISTOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY | 1714 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 1718 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT: DIAGNOSIS, CLINICAL STAGING, AND RISK ASSESSMENT | 1718 | ||
| CLINICAL STAGING AND RISK ASSESSMENT | 1719 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF LOW-STAGE DISEASE | 1721 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCED DISEASE | 1729 | ||
| RISK ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL MASSES AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY: THE NEED FOR ADJUNCTIVE SURGERY | 1734 | ||
| SALVAGE THERAPY | 1736 | ||
| RISK ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY GERM CELL TUMOR | 1737 | ||
| LATE CONSEQUENCES | 1737 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1740 | ||
| Chapter 91: Cancers of the Cervix, Vulva, and Vagina | 1745 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1745 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1746 | ||
| HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS BIOLOGY | 1746 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1748 | ||
| NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS OF THE CERVIX | 1750 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 1752 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 1757 | ||
| TREATMENT OVERVIEW | 1758 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LOCOREGIONAL DISEASE BY STAGE | 1763 | ||
| TREATMENT OF METASTATIC DISEASE AND SALVAGE CHEMOTHERAPY | 1765 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1766 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 1766 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 1767 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 1772 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY | 1774 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1778 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 1779 | ||
| PATTERNS OF SPREAD | 1779 | ||
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | 1780 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 1780 | ||
| STAGING | 1780 | ||
| TREATMENT | 1780 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1782 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PERSISTENT, RECURRENT, OR METASTATIC VAGINAL CANCER | 1783 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1783 | ||
| Chapter 92: Cancer of the Endometrium | 1793 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1793 | ||
| ANATOMY | 1793 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1794 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 1794 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 1795 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATIENT EVALUATION | 1800 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1801 | ||
| STAGING | 1801 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 1802 | ||
| TREATMENT OF EARLY-STAGE ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 1803 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ADVANCED ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 1811 | ||
| SYSTEMIC THERAPY FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 1815 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF TREATMENT | 1816 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RECURRENT DISEASE | 1817 | ||
| FUTURE ISSUES | 1819 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1819 | ||
| Chapter 93: Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes | 1827 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1828 | ||
| CANCER OF THE OVARY | 1828 | ||
| CANCER OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE | 1849 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 1850 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1851 | ||
| Chapter 94: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease | 1857 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1857 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1858 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 1859 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 1859 | ||
| IMMUNOBIOLOGY | 1861 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 1861 | ||
| LABORATORY AND IMAGING STUDIES | 1863 | ||
| STAGING AND PROGNOSTIC SCORING SYSTEM | 1864 | ||
| TREATMENT | 1865 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP | 1871 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 1872 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1872 | ||
| Chapter 95: Cancer of the Breast | 1875 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1876 | ||
| BIOLOGY | 1878 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK FOR BREAST CANCER | 1883 | ||
| DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER | 1884 | ||
| MAMMOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES | 1888 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT | 1890 | ||
| STAGING AND PROGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 1895 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF NONINVASIVE BREAST CANCER | 1900 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANCER | 1907 | ||
| FACTORS THAT AFFECT OUTCOME | 1914 | ||
| MASTECTOMY | 1914 | ||
| ADJUVANT POSTMASTECTOMY IRRADIATION | 1916 | ||
| PREDICTIVE AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR INVASIVE DISEASE | 1916 | ||
| ADJUVANT SYSTEMIC THERAPY | 1918 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER | 1927 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY DISEASE | 1928 | ||
| RECURRENCE AFTER BREAST-CONSERVATION THERAPY | 1928 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC DISEASE | 1929 | ||
| UNUSUAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN BREAST CANCER | 1933 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1935 | ||
| Chapter 96: Sarcomas of Bone | 1945 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1945 | ||
| OSTEOSARCOMA | 1947 | ||
| OSTEOSARCOMA VARIANTS | 1976 | ||
| CHONDROSARCOMA | 1980 | ||
| EWING’S SARCOMA | 1982 | ||
| MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF BONE | 1994 | ||
| PRIMARY SARCOMAS OF THE SPINE | 1994 | ||
| CHORDOMA | 1998 | ||
| SUMMARY | 2001 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2001 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2002 | ||
| Chapter 97: Sarcomas of Soft Tissue | 2009 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2009 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2009 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 2014 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 2016 | ||
| STAGING | 2018 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 2019 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LOCALIZED PRIMARY SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA | 2022 | ||
| TREATMENT OF SARCOMA PATIENTS AT SPECIALTY CENTERS | 2032 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LOCALLY RECURRENT SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA | 2032 | ||
| TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA | 2032 | ||
| SPECIAL SITES AND SUBTYPES OF SARCOMA | 2038 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2046 | ||
| Chapter 98: Carcinoma of Unknown Primary | 2057 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2057 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2058 | ||
| HISTOLOGIC PRESENTATIONS | 2058 | ||
| BIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS | 2058 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT | 2063 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 2068 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2072 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2072 | ||
| Chapter 99: Pediatric Solid Tumors | 2075 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2078 | ||
| OSTEOSARCOMA | 2078 | ||
| EWING’S SARCOMA FAMILY TUMORS | 2085 | ||
| NEUROBLASTOMA | 2091 | ||
| WILMS’ TUMOR | 2096 | ||
| RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 2101 | ||
| RHABDOMYOSARCOMA | 2102 | ||
| NONRHABDOMYOSARCOMA SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA | 2105 | ||
| RETINOBLASTOMA | 2107 | ||
| HEPATOBLASTOMA | 2112 | ||
| ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA | 2115 | ||
| NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 2116 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2117 | ||
| Chapter 100: World Health Organization Classification of Hematologic Malignancies | 2131 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2131 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 2131 | ||
| NEXT STEPS: FROM REVISED EUROPEAN-AMERICAN CLASSIFICATION OF LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CLASSIFICATION | 2132 | ||
| WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CLASSIFICATION | 2133 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 2136 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2136 | ||
| Chapter 101: Childhood Leukemia | 2139 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2140 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2140 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 2140 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2141 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES | 2142 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2142 | ||
| MORPHOLOGIC AND CYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS | 2142 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA | 2144 | ||
| CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION | 2146 | ||
| CLINICAL COURSE AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 2150 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 2152 | ||
| MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE | 2158 | ||
| ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE | 2160 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2160 | ||
| Chapter 102: Childhood Lymphoma | 2171 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2172 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 2172 | ||
| PATHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY | 2173 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 2178 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2179 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2185 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 2185 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2185 | ||
| Chapter 103: Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults | 2191 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2191 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2191 | ||
| BIOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS | 2191 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 2194 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2194 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION | 2195 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2195 | ||
| THERAPY | 2196 | ||
| OUTCOME OF ALL SUBTYPES AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS | 2203 | ||
| NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN ADULT ALL TREATMENT WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 2207 | ||
| FUTURE RISK STRATIFICATION AND TREATMENT CONCEPTS FOR ADULT ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA | 2208 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2209 | ||
| Chapter 104: Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adults | 2215 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2215 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 2215 | ||
| TUMOR BIOLOGY | 2217 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 2219 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 2221 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2222 | ||
| LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS | 2223 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2224 | ||
| PRIMARY TREATMENT | 2224 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RECURRENT ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA | 2227 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA | 2228 | ||
| MONITORING RESPONSE TO THERAPY | 2229 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN TREATMENT | 2230 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2230 | ||
| Chapter 105: Myelodysplastic Syndromes | 2235 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2236 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 2236 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2236 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 2237 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION | 2237 | ||
| PATHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION | 2239 | ||
| CYTOGENETICS | 2239 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 2240 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2243 | ||
| MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIDENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICINECY SYNDROME | 2251 | ||
| MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN | 2251 | ||
| PREVENTION | 2251 | ||
| EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS | 2251 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2251 | ||
| Chapter 106: Myeloproliferative Disorders | 2261 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2261 | ||
| POLYCYTHEMIA VERA | 2262 | ||
| ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA | 2267 | ||
| PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS | 2270 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 2274 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2274 | ||
| Chapter 107: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | 2279 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2279 | ||
| INCIDENCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND ETIOLOGY | 2279 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2280 | ||
| DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS | 2281 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2282 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2283 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 2283 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN CHRONIC PHASE | 2284 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH IMATINIB RESISTANCE | 2286 | ||
| SELECTION OF SEQUENTIAL THERAPIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA | 2288 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ACCELERATED AND BLASTIC PHASES OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA | 2288 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 2289 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2289 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2289 | ||
| Chapter 108: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias | 2293 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2293 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2294 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2294 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES AND INVESTIGATION | 2294 | ||
| CLINICAL STAGING: HIGHLY RELIABLE PREDICTORS THAT HAVE WITHSTOOD THE TEST OF TIME | 2297 | ||
| CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR PROGNOSTIC STUDIES | 2297 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2298 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF PROGRESSIVE DISEASE OR HIGH-GRADE TRANSFORMATION | 2299 | ||
| SECONDARY MALIGNANCIES | 2301 | ||
| PATIENT MANAGEMENT | 2301 | ||
| OTHER B-CELL CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS | 2304 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2306 | ||
| Chapter 109: Hairy Cell Leukemia | 2309 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2309 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2309 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 2309 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 2310 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION | 2310 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2311 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2312 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 2315 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS IN MANAGEMENT | 2316 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2318 | ||
| Chapter 110: Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders | 2323 | ||
| MULTIPLE MYELOMA | 2324 | ||
| MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE | 2340 | ||
| SMOLDERING MULTIPLE MYELOMA | 2341 | ||
| WALDENSTRÖM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA | 2342 | ||
| SYSTEMIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT-CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS | 2343 | ||
| SOLITARY PLASMACYTOMA | 2344 | ||
| POEMS SYNDROME | 2345 | ||
| HEAVY-CHAIN DISEASES | 2345 | ||
| CRYOGLOBULINEMIA | 2346 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2346 | ||
| Chapter 111: Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 2353 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2353 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 2354 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2355 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 2358 | ||
| INVESTIGATION | 2358 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 2359 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 2360 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 2361 | ||
| SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES | 2366 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 2366 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2368 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2368 | ||
| Chapter 112: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 2371 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2371 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY | 2372 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2373 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 2373 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT | 2378 | ||
| CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF LYMPHOMAS | 2381 | ||
| LATE COMPLICATIONS OF TREATMENT | 2396 | ||
| ATYPICAL LYMPHOID PROLIFERATIONS SOMETIMES CONFUSED WITH LYMPHOMA | 2396 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2397 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2397 | ||
| Chapter 113: Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma | 2405 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2405 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2405 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 2406 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES AND SÉZARY SYNDROME | 2406 | ||
| TISSUE DIAGNOSIS | 2408 | ||
| VARIANTS OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES AND SÉZARY SYNDROME AND CUTANEOUS B-CELL LYMPHOMA | 2412 | ||
| STAGING AND PROGNOSIS OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES AND SÉZARY SYNDROME | 2415 | ||
| THERAPY | 2415 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 2420 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2421 | ||
| Chapter 114: Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma | 2425 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2425 | ||
| VIROLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 2426 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HTLV-I AND ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA | 2427 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2428 | ||
| LABORATORY FINDINGS | 2430 | ||
| CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT | 2434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2438 | ||
| Index | 2443 |