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Abstract
Stay on the cutting edge with the newly revised eBook of Goldman’s Cecil Medicine, with over 400 updates personally selected by Dr. Lee Goldman and integrated directly into each chapter. Since 1927, Goldman’s Cecil Medicine has been the world’s most influential internal medicine resource and now in its 24th edition, continues to set the standard for all other references of its kind. Edited by Lee Goldman, MD and Andrew I. Schafer, MD, this is quite simply the fastest and best place to find all of the definitive, state-of-the-art clinical answers you need to understand, diagnosis, or treat essentially anything you are going to encounter. At your fingertips, you'll find authoritative, unbiased, evidence-based guidance on the evaluation and management of every medical condition from a veritable "Who's Who" of modern medicine.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader , conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Simplify decision making with practical, well-organized, templated chapters that include evidence-ranked references and algorithms to make clinically actionable information leap right off the page.
- Keep current with the latest knowledge and evidence-based practices. Comprehensive updates throughout include many brand-new and completely revamped chapters on topics like applications of molecular technologies, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular techniques and treatments.
- Get all the accuracy, expertise, and dependability you could ask for from Dr. Goldman and an editorial team that is a veritable "who's who" of modern medicine including Jeffrey Drazen, MD, Editor-in-Chief of the New England Journal of Medicine and new associate editor Wendy Levinson, MD, 2009-2010 Chair of the Board of Directors of the American Board of Internal Medicine.
- Reference information more quickly thanks to a new, streamlined format.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9781437736083_WEBd.pdf | 1 | ||
| Front cover | 1 | ||
| QUICK REFERENCE (QR) VIDEO ACCESS | 3 | ||
| Title page | 13 | ||
| Copyright page | 14 | ||
| ASSOCIATE EDITORS | 15 | ||
| PREFACE | 17 | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | 19 | ||
| Table of contents | 41 | ||
| VIDEO CONTENTS | 51 | ||
| SECTION I: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDICINE | 55 | ||
| 1: APPROACH TO MEDICINE, THE PATIENT, AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION: MEDICINE AS A LEARNED AND HUMANE PROFESSION | 56 | ||
| APPROACH TO MEDICINE | 56 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT | 56 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION | 57 | ||
| 2: BIOETHICS IN THE PRACTICEOF MEDICINE | 58 | ||
| PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP: INFORMED CONSENT | 58 | ||
| TERMINATION OF MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS | 60 | ||
| ASSISTED SUICIDE AND EUTHANASIA | 61 | ||
| FINANCIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | 62 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 63 | ||
| 3: CARE OF DYING PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES | 63 | ||
| PALLIATIVE CARE DOMAINS | 63 | ||
| 4: CULTURAL CONTEXT OF MEDICINE | 69 | ||
| DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND QUALITY | 69 | ||
| CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN HEALTH CARE | 70 | ||
| SUMMARY | 71 | ||
| 5: SOCIOECONOMIC ISSUES IN MEDICINE | 71 | ||
| SOCIAL STATUS INFLUENCES HEALTH | 72 | ||
| ECONOMIC ISSUES IN MEDICAL CARE | 72 | ||
| SECTION II: PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT | 75 | ||
| 6: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT: HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 76 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 76 | ||
| MEDICAL HISTORY | 76 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 77 | ||
| SUMMARIZING THE FINDINGS FOR THE PATIENT | 80 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 80 | ||
| 7: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ABNORMAL VITAL SIGNS | 81 | ||
| THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAL SIGNS | 81 | ||
| MEASURING VITAL SIGNS | 81 | ||
| ROLE OF VITAL SIGNS IN MANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT | 81 | ||
| 8: STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATA | 84 | ||
| ROLE OF STATISTICS | 84 | ||
| SAMPLING: SELECTING SUBJECTS FOR A STUDY | 84 | ||
| DESCRIBING THE SAMPLE | 84 | ||
| INFERRING POPULATION VALUES FROM A SAMPLE | 85 | ||
| 9: USING DATA FOR CLINICAL DECISIONS | 86 | ||
| SHOULD I ORDER A TEST? | 86 | ||
| WHICH TEST IS BEST? | 88 | ||
| CHOOSING A STRATEGY | 89 | ||
| 10: MEASURING HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE | 91 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH CARE | 91 | ||
| STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT | 91 | ||
| TYPES OF MEASURES | 92 | ||
| SOURCES OF DATA FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE | 93 | ||
| DESIGN OF MEASUREMENT STUDIES | 93 | ||
| TRENDS IN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT | 95 | ||
| 11: QUALITY OF CARE AND PATIENT SAFETY | 95 | ||
| QUALITY | 96 | ||
| PATIENT SAFETY | 97 | ||
| VALUE: CONNECTING SAFETY AND QUALITY TO COST | 98 | ||
| 12: COMPREHENSIVE CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT | 98 | ||
| THE GOALS OF CHRONIC CARE MANAGEMENT | 98 | ||
| MATCHING PATIENT NEEDS AND CARE DELIVERY | 99 | ||
| TRANSFORMING PRACTICE | 101 | ||
| SECTION III: PREVENTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES | 103 | ||
| 13: COUNSELING FOR BEHAVIOR CHANGE | 104 | ||
| MODEL FOR OFFICE-BASED BEHAVIORAL CHANGE COUNSELING | 104 | ||
| 14: THE PERIODIC HEALTH EXAMINATION | 106 | ||
| HISTORY AND RISK ASSESSMENT | 106 | ||
| SCREENING FOR EARLY DISEASE OR ASYMPTOMATIC RISK FACTORS | 107 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS | 109 | ||
| IMMUNIZATIONS | 109 | ||
| CHEMOPREVENTION | 109 | ||
| FUTURE ISSUES | 109 | ||
| 15: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY | 110 | ||
| 16: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE | 113 | ||
| NORMAL PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | 113 | ||
| NORMAL PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | 113 | ||
| VITAL STATISTICS | 113 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE ADOLESCENT PATIENT | 114 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | 115 | ||
| ADOLESCENT EATING DISORDERS | 116 | ||
| SUBSTANCE ABUSE | 116 | ||
| CHRONIC ILLNESS AND TRANSITION | 117 | ||
| 17: IMMUNIZATION | 117 | ||
| GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNIZATIONS | 117 | ||
| INDIVIDUAL IMMUNOBIOLOGICS | 119 | ||
| VACCINES INTENDED PRIMARILY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS | 128 | ||
| VACCINES FOR POSSIBLE BIOTERRORISM AGENTS | 128 | ||
| OTHER VACCINES | 129 | ||
| 18: PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE | 129 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE | 129 | ||
| OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS COMMON IN PRACTICE | 130 | ||
| COMMON HAZARDOUS EXPOSURES IN THE WORKPLACE AND AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT | 131 | ||
| SUMMARY | 132 | ||
| 19: RADIATION INJURY | 132 | ||
| IONIZING RADIATION INJURY | 132 | ||
| NONIONIZING RADIATION INJURY | 136 | ||
| 20: BIOTERRORISM | 138 | ||
| BIOLOGIC WEAPONS | 138 | ||
| ANTHRAX | 139 | ||
| SMALLPOX | 140 | ||
| PLAGUE | 140 | ||
| BOTULISM | 141 | ||
| TULAREMIA | 141 | ||
| VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVER | 141 | ||
| 21: CHRONIC POISONING: TRACE METALS AND OTHERS | 142 | ||
| OTHER TOXIC METALS | 147 | ||
| SECTION IV: AGING AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE | 151 | ||
| 22: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AGING: IMPLICATIONS OF THE AGING OF SOCIETY | 152 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION: TRANSITION TO AN AGING SOCIETY | 152 | ||
| HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS | 152 | ||
| 23: GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT | 155 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL STATUS | 155 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 155 | ||
| PATIENT GOALS | 155 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT | 155 | ||
| PREVENTIVE SERVICES | 157 | ||
| NONMEDICAL ASSESSMENTS | 157 | ||
| A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT FOR THE PRACTICING CLINICIAN | 157 | ||
| 24: COMMON CLINICAL SEQUELAE OF AGING | 158 | ||
| EFFECTS OF AGING ON SPECIFIC ORGANS AND SYSTEMS | 159 | ||
| 25: INCONTINENCE | 164 | ||
| 26: NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF AGING | 168 | ||
| 27: DELIRIUM OR ACUTE MENTAL STATUS CHANGE IN THE OLDER PATIENT | 171 | ||
| DELIRIUM | 171 | ||
| SECTION V: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY | 177 | ||
| 28: PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY | 178 | ||
| PHARMACOKINETIC PRINCIPLES | 178 | ||
| APPLYING PHARMACOKINETIC PRINCIPLES | 179 | ||
| MONITORING DRUG CONCENTRATION AS A GUIDE TO THERAPY | 181 | ||
| ADJUSTING DRUG DOSE WITH DISEASE | 182 | ||
| APPROACH TO DRUG OVERDOSE | 183 | ||
| USING DRUGS IN THE ELDERLY | 183 | ||
| INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DRUGS | 184 | ||
| ADVERSE REACTIONS TO DRUGS | 185 | ||
| 29: PAIN | 187 | ||
| 30: BIOLOGY OF ADDICTION | 194 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR ADDICTION | 194 | ||
| REWARD CIRCUITRY: THE NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF ADDICTION | 195 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF ADDICTIVE DRUGS | 196 | ||
| DRUG-INDUCED NEURAL PLASTICITY RELEVANT TO ADDICTION | 196 | ||
| 31: NICOTINE AND TOBACCO | 196 | ||
| 32: ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE | 200 | ||
| 33: DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE | 207 | ||
| MAJOR DRUGS OF ABUSE | 209 | ||
| CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 212 | ||
| 34: IMMUNOSUPPRESSING DRUGS INCLUDING CORTICOSTEROIDS | 213 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS | 213 | ||
| 35: BIOLOGIC AGENTS | 219 | ||
| TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α INHIBITORS | 219 | ||
| INTERLEUKIN-1 INHIBITORS | 220 | ||
| INTERLEUKIN-6 INHIBITORS | 220 | ||
| ANTIBODY AGAINST INTERLEUKIN-12 ANDINTERLEUKIN-23 | 220 | ||
| INHIBITORS OF ANGIOGENESIS | 220 | ||
| INHIBITORS OF TUMOR GROWTH FACTORS | 221 | ||
| OTHER TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS | 221 | ||
| BIOLOGIC AGENTS TARGETING T LYMPHOCYTES | 221 | ||
| BIOLOGIC AGENTS TARGETING B LYMPHOCYTES | 221 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 222 | ||
| 36: PROSTANOIDS, ASPIRIN, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS | 222 | ||
| BIOSYNTHESIS AND ACTION OF PROSTANOIDS | 222 | ||
| MEASUREMENTS OF THE PROSTAGLANDIN H SYNTHASE PATHWAY | 222 | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF PROSTAGLANDIN H SYNTHASE INHIBITION | 223 | ||
| 37: ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY | 225 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS | 225 | ||
| 38: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | 231 | ||
| COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE INTERVENTIONS | 231 | ||
| THE IMPORTANCE OF PATIENT BELIEFS, EXPECTATIONS, AND CULTURES | 232 | ||
| INDIGENOUS MEDICAL SYSTEMS AND TRADITIONAL HEALING PRACTICES | 232 | ||
| TRADITIONAL VERSUS MODERN MEDICINE: THE MIND AND THE BODY | 233 | ||
| THE MIND-BODY CONNECTION | 233 | ||
| WHY DO PATIENTS SEEK INTEGRATIVE INTERVENTIONS? | 234 | ||
| SECTION VI: GENETICS | 237 | ||
| 39: PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS | 238 | ||
| GENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO DISEASE | 238 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 241 | ||
| 40: GENE, GENOMIC, AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS | 241 | ||
| THE HUMAN GENOME | 241 | ||
| GENE | 241 | ||
| GENETIC VARIATION | 242 | ||
| CHROMOSOMES | 243 | ||
| MUTATION | 244 | ||
| PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE | 246 | ||
| ASSAYING GENETIC VARIATION | 246 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 247 | ||
| 41: THE INHERITED BASIS OF COMMON DISEASES | 249 | ||
| HERITABILITY: INHERITED VARIATION IN DISEASE RISK | 249 | ||
| HETEROZYGOSITY: INHERITED VARIATION IN GENOME SEQUENCE | 249 | ||
| THE SEARCH FOR GENES UNDERLYING MONOGENIC DISEASES | 250 | ||
| GENETIC INVESTIGATION OF COMMON DISEASES | 251 | ||
| ASSOCIATION STUDIES: FROM CANDIDATE GENES TO GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES | 251 | ||
| FROM COMMON VARIANTS TO INDIVIDUAL GENOMES | 252 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 252 | ||
| 42: APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES TO CLINICAL MEDICINE | 253 | ||
| MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES ALONG THE CONTINUUM FROM HEALTH TO DISEASE | 253 | ||
| GENES, GENOMES, DISEASE, AND TREATMENT | 253 | ||
| THE EXPRESSED GENOME | 255 | ||
| ASSEMBLING MOLECULAR INFORMATION FOR CLINICAL DECISION MAKING | 256 | ||
| 43: CELL AND GENE THERAPY | 257 | ||
| CELL THERAPY | 257 | ||
| GENE THERAPY | 261 | ||
| SECTION VII: PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION | 267 | ||
| 44: THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS | 268 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 268 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 268 | ||
| ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 271 | ||
| 45: THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX | 276 | ||
| HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS | 276 | ||
| 46: MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED TISSUE INJURY | 280 | ||
| THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE | 280 | ||
| HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS | 281 | ||
| 47: MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR | 284 | ||
| THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | 284 | ||
| 48: TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY | 289 | ||
| DEFINITION | 289 | ||
| ANTIGENS IN TRANSPLANTATION | 290 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF REJECTION AND GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE | 291 | ||
| STRATEGIES TO PREVENT GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE | 292 | ||
| STRATEGIES TO PREVENT ALLOG RAFTREJECTION | 293 | ||
| 49: COMPLEMENT IN HEALTH AND DISEASE | 293 | ||
| ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT | 294 | ||
| COMPLEMENT INHIBITORS | 297 | ||
| SECTION VIII: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 299 | ||
| 50: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 300 | ||
| USING THE HISTORY TO DETECT CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS | 300 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FOR DETECTION OF SIGNS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 304 | ||
| SUMMARY | 309 | ||
| 51: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 310 | ||
| BURDEN OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 310 | ||
| PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION | 310 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE | 310 | ||
| NEW BIOMARKERS OF SUBCLINICAL DAMAGE OR DISEASE | 312 | ||
| 52: CARDIAC FUNCTION AND CIRCULATORY CONTROL | 314 | ||
| STRUCTURE OF THE HEART | 314 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE HEART | 316 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY CONTROL | 316 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO STRESSORS | 318 | ||
| 53: RADIOLOGY OF THE HEART | 318 | ||
| RADIOLOGIC ANATOMY | 318 | ||
| HEART SIZE | 319 | ||
| CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT | 319 | ||
| CALCIFICATION | 321 | ||
| PERICARDIAL EFFUSION | 322 | ||
| PULMONARY VASCULATURE | 322 | ||
| THE HEART AND PORTABLE FILMS | 325 | ||
| 54: ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY | 326 | ||
| NORMAL FUNCTION AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM | 326 | ||
| APPROACH TO INTERPRETING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM | 329 | ||
| 55: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | 332 | ||
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC IMAGING | 332 | ||
| DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | 333 | ||
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACHES | 333 | ||
| CARDIAC FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS | 334 | ||
| THE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION | 336 | ||
| INTEGRATING THE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL FINDINGS | 338 | ||
| 56: NONINVASIVE CARDIAC IMAGING | 338 | ||
| NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY | 338 | ||
| CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 340 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 341 | ||
| 57: CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY | 343 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION | 343 | ||
| TECHNIQUE OF CATHETERIZATION | 344 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION | 344 | ||
| HEMODYNAMIC DATA OBTAINED DURING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION | 345 | ||
| CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY | 346 | ||
| ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN THE CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY | 348 | ||
| 58: HEART FAILURE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS | 349 | ||
| HEART FAILURE | 349 | ||
| 59: HEART FAILURE: MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 357 | ||
| EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE | 357 | ||
| STAGES OF HEART FAILURE | 357 | ||
| END-OF-LIFE CONSIDERATIONS | 372 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 372 | ||
| 60: DISEASES OF THE MYOCARDIUM AND ENDOCARDIUM | 372 | ||
| MYOCARDIAL DISEASE | 372 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE ENDOCARDIUM | 385 | ||
| CARDIAC TUMORS | 386 | ||
| 61: PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY | 388 | ||
| CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY | 388 | ||
| 62: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED ARRHYTHMIA | 391 | ||
| 63: APPROACH TO CARDIAC ARREST AND LIFE-THREATENING ARRHYTHMIAS | 398 | ||
| PREDISPOSING WIDE–QRS COMPLEX TACHYCARDIAS | 398 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF TACHYARRHYTHMIC CARDIAC ARRESTS | 401 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CARDIAC ARREST CAUSEDBY ASYSTOLE, BRADYARRHYTHMIAS, ORPULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY | 401 | ||
| ADJUNCTIVE THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS | 402 | ||
| LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT | 402 | ||
| 64: CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS WITH SUPRAVENTRICULAR ORIGIN | 402 | ||
| ANATOMY AND NORMAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY | 402 | ||
| 65: VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS | 413 | ||
| TYPES OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS | 415 | ||
| 66: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES AND SURGERY | 423 | ||
| PACEMAKERS | 423 | ||
| TRANSTHORACIC CARDIOVERSION AND DEFIBRILLATION | 425 | ||
| IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS | 425 | ||
| RADIO FREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION | 426 | ||
| ARRHYTHMIA SURGERY | 427 | ||
| 67: ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION | 427 | ||
| 68: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 443 | ||
| 69: CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN ADULTS | 451 | ||
| ATHEROSCLEROSIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY | 463 | ||
| 70: ATHEROSCLEROSIS, THROMBOSIS,AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY | 463 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS | 463 | ||
| FORMATION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS | 464 | ||
| GROWTH, DEATH, AND THE PROGRESSION OF DISEASE | 464 | ||
| PLAQUE ACTIVATION, THROMBOSIS, AND INFARCTION | 465 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC THERAPY | 465 | ||
| 71: ANGINA PECTORIS AND STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE | 466 | ||
| 72: ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: UNSTABLE ANGINA AND NON–ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | 479 | ||
| 73: ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | 488 | ||
| 74: INTERVENTIONAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE | 502 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION | 502 | ||
| CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY VERSUS MEDICAL THERAPY | 504 | ||
| CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY | 505 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR BYPASS SURGERY | 506 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION VERSUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING | 506 | ||
| 75: VALVULAR HEART DISEASE | 507 | ||
| AORTIC STENOSIS | 507 | ||
| MITRAL STENOSIS | 511 | ||
| MITRAL REGURGITATION | 512 | ||
| MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE | 514 | ||
| AORTIC REGURGITATION | 515 | ||
| TRICUSPID REGURGITATION | 516 | ||
| PULMONIC STENOSIS | 517 | ||
| 76: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS | 518 | ||
| 77: PERICARDIAL DISEASES | 527 | ||
| ACUTE PERICARDITIS | 527 | ||
| CARDIAC EFFUSION AND TAMPONADE | 530 | ||
| PERICARDIAL CONSTRICTION | 533 | ||
| SPECIFIC FORMS OF PERICARDIAL DISEASE | 534 | ||
| 78: DISEASES OF THE AORTA | 536 | ||
| AORTIC ANEURYSMS | 536 | ||
| INTRAMURAL AORTIC HEMATOMA AND AORTIC DISSECTION | 537 | ||
| TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS | 540 | ||
| GIANT CELL ARTERITIS | 540 | ||
| 79: ATHEROSCLEROTIC PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE | 540 | ||
| 80: OTHER PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASES | 547 | ||
| LIVEDO RETICULARIS | 547 | ||
| ATHEROMATOUS EMBOLIZATION | 547 | ||
| THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS (BUERGER’S DISEASE) | 548 | ||
| VASCULAR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE | 549 | ||
| ERYTHROMELALGIA | 551 | ||
| POPLITEAL ARTERY ENTRAPMENT SYNDROME | 552 | ||
| CYSTIC ADVENTITIAL DISEASE | 552 | ||
| FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA OF THE EXTREMITIES | 552 | ||
| 81: PERIPHERAL VENOUS DISEASE | 553 | ||
| DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS | 553 | ||
| SUPERFICIAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS | 559 | ||
| POST-THROMBOTIC SYNDROME | 560 | ||
| VENOUS ULCERS | 560 | ||
| 82: CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION | 560 | ||
| POPULATION OF PATIENTS | 560 | ||
| THE CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURE | 561 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 561 | ||
| TRANSPLANT VASCULOPATHY | 563 | ||
| OUTCOME OF TRANSPLANTATION | 564 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION | 564 | ||
| SECTION IX: RESPIRATORY DISEASES | 565 | ||
| 83: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 566 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH COUGH | 566 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH WHEEZING | 566 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DYSPNEA | 566 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HEMOPTYSIS | 566 | ||
| 84: IMAGING IN PULMONARY DISEASE | 570 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE LUNGS, MEDIASTINUM, AND CHEST WALL | 570 | ||
| 85: RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: MECHANISMS AND TESTING | 577 | ||
| RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | 577 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY VENTILATORY FUNCTION | 578 | ||
| 86: DISORDERS OF VENTILATORY CONTROL | 581 | ||
| HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROMES | 582 | ||
| 87: ASTHMA | 585 | ||
| 88: CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | 591 | ||
| 89: CYSTIC FIBROSIS | 598 | ||
| LUNG DISEASE | 600 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE | 600 | ||
| OTHER ORGAN INVOLVEMENT | 600 | ||
| 90: BRONCHIECTASIS, ATELECTASIS, CYSTS, AND LOCALIZED LUNG DISORDERS | 602 | ||
| BRONCHIECTASIS | 602 | ||
| CONGENITAL CYSTIC DISEASES OF THE THORAX | 605 | ||
| 91: ALVEOLAR FILLING DISORDERS | 606 | ||
| PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS | 606 | ||
| ACUTE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 608 | ||
| DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE | 608 | ||
| BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR CELL CARCINOMA | 609 | ||
| 92: INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE | 610 | ||
| SPECIFIC TYPES OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE | 614 | ||
| 93: OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISEASE | 621 | ||
| SPECIFIC OCCUPATIONAL LUNG DISORDERS | 621 | ||
| OCCUPATIONAL CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | 623 | ||
| HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS | 624 | ||
| CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE | 625 | ||
| ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASES | 626 | ||
| SILICOSIS AND OTHER PNEUMOCONIOSES | 627 | ||
| ACUTE FEBRILE SYNDROMES | 627 | ||
| OCCUPATIONAL LUNG CANCER | 628 | ||
| 94: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INJURIES OF THE LUNG | 628 | ||
| SUBMERSION INCIDENTS: DROWNING | 628 | ||
| DISEASES OF HIGH ALTITUDE | 629 | ||
| DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS: DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS, BAROTRAUMA, AND ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM | 630 | ||
| SMOKE INHALATION | 631 | ||
| OXYGEN TOXICITY | 632 | ||
| LUNG INJURY | 633 | ||
| 95: SARCOIDOSIS | 636 | ||
| 96: ACUTE BRONCHITIS AND TRACHEITIS | 640 | ||
| 97: OVERVIEW OF PNEUMONIA | 641 | ||
| COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA | 642 | ||
| ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA | 647 | ||
| HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA, AND HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA | 648 | ||
| 98: PULMONARY EMBOLISM | 650 | ||
| THROMBOTIC PULMONARY EMBOLISM | 650 | ||
| NONTHROMBOTIC PULMONARY EMBOLISM | 656 | ||
| 99: DISEASES OF THE DIAPHRAGM, CHEST WALL, PLEURA, AND MEDIASTINUM | 657 | ||
| DIAPHRAGM | 657 | ||
| DIAPHRAGMATIC WEAKNESS AND PARALYSIS | 658 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS DIAPHRAGMATIC DISORDERS | 658 | ||
| CHEST WALL | 658 | ||
| KYPHOSCOLIOSIS | 659 | ||
| PECTUS EXCAVATUM | 660 | ||
| FLAIL CHEST | 660 | ||
| ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS | 661 | ||
| OBESITY | 661 | ||
| PLEURA | 661 | ||
| PLEURAL EFFUSION | 661 | ||
| MESOTHELIOMA | 664 | ||
| PNEUMOTHORAX | 665 | ||
| MEDIASTINUM | 665 | ||
| MEDIASTINAL MASSES | 665 | ||
| MEDIASTINITIS | 666 | ||
| PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM | 666 | ||
| 100: OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA | 667 | ||
| 101: INTERVENTIONAL AND SURGICAL APPROACHES TO LUNG DISEASE | 671 | ||
| BRONCHOSCOPY | 671 | ||
| SURGERY FOR BENIGN LUNG DISEASE | 672 | ||
| SURGERY FOR ADVANCED LUNG DISEASES: LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY | 672 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF EMPHYSEMA | 673 | ||
| LUNG TRANSPLANTATION | 673 | ||
| SECTION X: CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE | 677 | ||
| 102: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT IN A CRITICAL CARE SETTING | 678 | ||
| THE INTENSIVIST-LED MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM | 678 | ||
| FLUID RESUSCITATION | 678 | ||
| SEDATION, ANALGESIA, AND SPONTANEOUS BREATHING TRIALS | 678 | ||
| LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FOR SURVIVORS | 678 | ||
| APPLYING EVIDENCE TO PREVENT COMPLICATIONS OF CRITICAL ILLNESS | 678 | ||
| PREDICTIONS, PREFERENCES, AND END-OF-LIFE CARE | 679 | ||
| 103: RESPIRATORY MONITORING IN CRITICAL CARE | 680 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 680 | ||
| SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS | 680 | ||
| PULSE OXIMETRY | 680 | ||
| CARBON DIOXIDE MONITORING: CAPNOMETRY AND TRANSCUTANEOUS CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENT | 681 | ||
| ARTERIAL OXYGEN CONTENT AND SYSTEMIC OXYGEN DELIVERY | 681 | ||
| MEASURING VENTILATION: MINUTE VENTILATION AND ALVEOLAR VENTILATION | 682 | ||
| MEASURING CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION | 682 | ||
| MEASURING RESPIRATORY COMPLIANCE | 682 | ||
| MEASURING RESPIRATORY DRIVE | 682 | ||
| MEASURING RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH | 682 | ||
| MEASURING WORK OF BREATHING | 682 | ||
| 104: ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE | 683 | ||
| ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE | 683 | ||
| SPECIFIC ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE SYNDROMES | 688 | ||
| 105: MECHANICAL VENTILATION | 692 | ||
| TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS | 692 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 694 | ||
| SPECIFIC COMMON TREATMENT SCENARIOS | 695 | ||
| ADJUNCTS | 698 | ||
| DISCONTINUATION OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION | 698 | ||
| 106: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SHOCK | 699 | ||
| 107: CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 708 | ||
| 108: SHOCK SYNDROMES RELATED TO SEPSIS | 712 | ||
| 109: DISORDERS DUE TO HEAT AND COLD | 720 | ||
| TEMPERATURE REGULATION | 720 | ||
| HEAT ILLNESS | 720 | ||
| COLD INJURY | 722 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPERTHERMIA | 723 | ||
| 110: ACUTE POISONING | 724 | ||
| 111: ELECTRIC INJURY | 738 | ||
| ELECTRIC CURRENT INJURY | 738 | ||
| LIGHTNING INJURY | 740 | ||
| 112: MEDICAL ASPECTS OF TRAUMA AND BURN CARE | 741 | ||
| MEDICAL ASPECTS OF TRAUMA | 741 | ||
| MEDICAL ASPECTS OF BURNS | 745 | ||
| 113: VENOMOUS SNAKE BITES | 748 | ||
| 114: VENOMS AND POISONS FROM MARINE ORGANISMS | 751 | ||
| VENOMOUS MARINE ORGANISMS | 751 | ||
| POISONOUS MARINE ORGANISMS | 753 | ||
| 115: RHABDOMYOLYSIS | 754 | ||
| SECTION XI: RENAL AND GENITOURINARY DISEASES | 761 | ||
| 116: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RENAL DISEASE | 762 | ||
| MAJOR RENAL SYNDROMES | 769 | ||
| 117: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS | 770 | ||
| THE KIDNEY REGULATES EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME BY REGULATING ITS SODIUM CONTENT | 770 | ||
| THE KIDNEY REGULATES BODY FLUID OSMOLARITY BY REGULATING ITS WATER CONTENT | 772 | ||
| THE KIDNEY REGULATES PLASMA pH BY REGULATING HCO 3 CONTENT | 772 | ||
| THE KIDNEY REGULATES PLASMA POTASSIUM BY EXCRETION AND THE CONTROL OF EXTRACELLULAR PH | 773 | ||
| THE KIDNEY REGULATES PLASMA PO4 AND CA2+ BY EXCRETION AND BY SYNTHESIZING VITAMIN D3 | 774 | ||
| 118: DISORDERS OF SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS | 774 | ||
| SODIUM AND WATER HOMEOSTASIS | 774 | ||
| SODIUM BALANCE DISORDERS | 776 | ||
| WATER BALANCE DISORDERS | 782 | ||
| 119: POTASSIUM DISORDERS | 788 | ||
| 120: ACID-BASE DISORDERS | 795 | ||
| METABOLIC ACIDOSIS | 799 | ||
| METABOLIC ALKALOSIS | 804 | ||
| RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS | 806 | ||
| RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS | 806 | ||
| 121: DISORDERS OF MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS | 807 | ||
| MAGNESIUM METABOLISM | 807 | ||
| PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM | 808 | ||
| 122: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | 810 | ||
| 123: GLOMERULAR DISORDERS AND NEPHROTIC SYNDROMES | 815 | ||
| GLOMERULAR DISORDERS | 815 | ||
| THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME | 816 | ||
| ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND THE NEPHRITIC SYNDROME | 820 | ||
| GLOMERULAR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC DEFECTS | 823 | ||
| 124: TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES | 825 | ||
| TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS | 825 | ||
| ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS | 827 | ||
| CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS | 827 | ||
| 125: OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY | 830 | ||
| 126: DIABETES AND THE KIDNEY | 835 | ||
| 127: VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY | 837 | ||
| ARTERIES | 837 | ||
| ARTERIOLES AND MICROVASCULATURE | 840 | ||
| SYSTEMIC DISORDERS AFFECTING THE RENAL MICROVASCULATURE | 841 | ||
| RENAL VEINS | 842 | ||
| 128: NEPHROLITHIASIS | 843 | ||
| 129: CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES | 848 | ||
| AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 849 | ||
| AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 852 | ||
| NEPHRONOPHTHISIS | 853 | ||
| MEDULLARY CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 853 | ||
| MEDULLARY SPONGE KIDNEY | 853 | ||
| OTHER INHERITED CYSTIC SYNDROMES | 854 | ||
| ACQUIRED CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 854 | ||
| 130: HEREDITARY NEPHROPATHIES AND DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE URINARY TRACT | 854 | ||
| HEREDITARY NEPHROPATHIES | 854 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT | 856 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF THE URINARY TRACT | 856 | ||
| 131: BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROSTATITIS | 859 | ||
| BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA | 859 | ||
| 132: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 864 | ||
| 133: TREATMENT OF IRREVERSIBLE RENAL FAILURE | 872 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY | 872 | ||
| HEMODIALYSIS | 872 | ||
| PERITONEAL DIALYSIS | 875 | ||
| RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 876 | ||
| SECTION XII: GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES | 881 | ||
| 134: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE | 882 | ||
| GENERAL APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | 882 | ||
| ABDOMINAL PAIN | 886 | ||
| GAS AND BLOATING | 892 | ||
| INVOLUNTARY WEIGHT LOSS | 893 | ||
| NAUSEA AND VOMITING | 895 | ||
| OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLAINTS | 896 | ||
| 135: DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING PROCEDURES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY | 899 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY | 899 | ||
| FLUOROSCOPIC PROCEDURES | 899 | ||
| ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 899 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 901 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 901 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES | 902 | ||
| NUCLEAR MEDICINE (RADIONUCLIDE SCINTIGRAPHY) | 903 | ||
| 136: GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY | 905 | ||
| IMPORTANCE AND USE OF ENDOSCOPY | 905 | ||
| INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES | 905 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND PRE-ENDOSCOPY PREPARATION | 905 | ||
| SPECIFIC INDICATIONS | 906 | ||
| PANCREATOBILIARY ENDOSCOPY | 909 | ||
| EVOLVING TECHNIQUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 911 | ||
| 137: GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE AND OCCULT GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING | 911 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE | 911 | ||
| OBSCURE AND OCCULT GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING | 915 | ||
| 138: DISORDERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY | 916 | ||
| DISEASES OF SLOW TRANSIT THROUGH THE STOMACH AND SMALL BOWEL | 917 | ||
| DISEASES OF RAPID TRANSIT THROUGH STOMACH AND SMALL BOWEL | 920 | ||
| COLONIC MOTILITY DISORDERS | 920 | ||
| 139: FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, DYSPEPSIA, AND FUNCTIONAL CHEST PAIN OF PRESUMED ESOPHAGEAL ORIGIN | 922 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS | 922 | ||
| IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME | 922 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA | 926 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL CHEST PAIN OF PRESUMED ESOPHAGEAL ORIGIN | 927 | ||
| 140: DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS | 928 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 928 | ||
| GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE | 929 | ||
| ESOPHAGITIS | 934 | ||
| ESOPHAGEAL MOTOR DISORDERS | 935 | ||
| STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES | 936 | ||
| THE ESOPHAGUS IN SYSTEMIC DISEASES | 937 | ||
| ESOPHAGEAL INFECTIONS | 938 | ||
| MISCELLANENOUS ESOPHAGEAL CONDITIONS | 939 | ||
| 141: ACID PEPTIC DISEASE | 940 | ||
| 142: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DIARRHEA AND MALABSORPTION | 949 | ||
| ACUTE DIARRHEA | 951 | ||
| CHRONIC DIARRHEA | 954 | ||
| WATERY DIARRHEA | 962 | ||
| TRUE SECRETORY DIARRHEAS | 963 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEAS | 964 | ||
| 143: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 967 | ||
| 144: INFLAMMATORY AND ANATOMIC DISEASES OF THE INTESTINE, PERITONEUM, MESENTERY, AND OMENTUM | 975 | ||
| APPENDICITIS | 975 | ||
| DIVERTICULITIS OF THE COLON | 976 | ||
| OTHER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS | 977 | ||
| PERITONEAL DISORDERS | 979 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS DISEASE OF THE MESENTERY AND OMENTUM | 981 | ||
| ANATOMIC AND MECHANICAL DISORDERS | 981 | ||
| 145: VASCULAR DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 982 | ||
| INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA | 982 | ||
| VASCULITIS | 988 | ||
| HEMORRHAGIC VASCULAR DISORDERS | 988 | ||
| HEPATIC AND SPLENIC VASCULAR DISEASE | 989 | ||
| 146: PANCREATITIS | 991 | ||
| ACUTE PANCREATITIS | 991 | ||
| DEFINITION | 991 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 991 | ||
| PATHOBIOLOGY | 991 | ||
| Gallstones | 991 | ||
| Alcohol | 991 | ||
| Drugs, Toxins, and Metabolic Factors | 991 | ||
| Trauma | 992 | ||
| Obstruction of the Pancreatic Duct | 992 | ||
| Infections and Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 992 | ||
| Genetics | 992 | ||
| Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis | 992 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 992 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 992 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 992 | ||
| Amylase and Lipase | 992 | ||
| Other Laboratory Tests | 993 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 993 | ||
| Determining Etiology | 993 | ||
| Determining Severity | 993 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 994 | ||
| CHRONIC PANCREATITIS | 995 | ||
| DEFINITION | 995 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 995 | ||
| PATHOBIOLOGY | 995 | ||
| Alcohol and Tobacco | 995 | ||
| Genetic | 995 | ||
| Other Causes | 995 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 995 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 995 | ||
| Tests of Pancreatic Structure | 996 | ||
| Tests of Pancreatic Function | 996 | ||
| Diagnostic Approach | 996 | ||
| PREVENTION | 998 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 998 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 998 | ||
| 147: DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS | 999 | ||
| SPECIFIC ANORECTAL CONDITIONS | 999 | ||
| SECTION XIII: DISEASES OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND BILE DUCTS | 1005 | ||
| 148: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH LIVER DISEASE | 1006 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR LIVER DISEASE | 1007 | ||
| ASSESSING DURATION OF LIVER DISEASE | 1007 | ||
| REVIEW OF OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS | 1007 | ||
| FAMILY HISTORY | 1007 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 1007 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES | 1009 | ||
| 149: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH JAUNDICE OR ABNORMAL LIVER TESTS | 1010 | ||
| JAUNDICE | 1010 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA | 1012 | ||
| DISORDERS OF BILIRUBIN METABOLISM | 1013 | ||
| LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASE | 1014 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR THE EVALUATION OF LIVER DISEASE | 1015 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH JAUNDICE OR ABNORMAL LIVER TESTS | 1017 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT WITH ABNORMAL LIVER TESTS | 1018 | ||
| 150: ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS | 1020 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1020 | ||
| GENERAL FEATURES OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS | 1020 | ||
| HEPATITIS A | 1021 | ||
| ACUTE HEPATITIS B | 1022 | ||
| ACUTE HEPATITIS C | 1024 | ||
| ACUTE HEPATITIS D OR DELTA | 1026 | ||
| ACUTE HEPATITIS E | 1026 | ||
| OTHER TYPES OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS | 1026 | ||
| 151: CHRONIC VIRAL AND AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS | 1027 | ||
| CHRONIC HEPATITIS B | 1028 | ||
| CHRONIC HEPATITIS C | 1030 | ||
| CHRONIC HEPATITIS D | 1032 | ||
| CHRONIC HEPATITIS E | 1033 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS | 1033 | ||
| CRYPTOGENIC CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE | 1033 | ||
| 152: TOXIN-AND DRUG-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE | 1033 | ||
| 153: INHERITED AND METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE LIVER | 1038 | ||
| INHERITED LIVER DISEASES | 1038 | ||
| METABOLIC LIVER DISEASES | 1040 | ||
| LIVER DISEASE IN PREGNANCY | 1040 | ||
| TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION–INDUCED LIVER DISEASE | 1041 | ||
| 154: BACTERIAL, PARASITIC, FUNGAL, AND GRANULOMATOUS LIVER DISEASES | 1041 | ||
| INFECTIONS OF THE LIVER | 1041 | ||
| HEPATOSPLENIC CANDIDIASIS | 1043 | ||
| PARASITIC, PROTOZOAL, AND HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS OF THE LIVER | 1044 | ||
| HELMINTH INFECTIONS | 1045 | ||
| GRANULOMATOUS DISEASES OF THE LIVER | 1049 | ||
| 155: ALCOHOLIC AND NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS | 1050 | ||
| ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE | 1050 | ||
| NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE | 1052 | ||
| 156: CIRRHOSIS AND ITS SEQUELAE | 1053 | ||
| 157: HEPATIC FAILURE AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 1061 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND SELECTION CRITERIA FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 1061 | ||
| THE TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURE | 1063 | ||
| POST-TRANSPLANTATION MANAGEMENT | 1063 | ||
| 158: DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILE DUCTS | 1065 | ||
| THE BILIARY SYSTEM | 1065 | ||
| CHOLESTASIS | 1065 | ||
| BILIARY TRACT DISEASES | 1067 | ||
| GALLSTONE DISEASE | 1069 | ||
| ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 1072 | ||
| CHRONIC ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS | 1073 | ||
| GALLBLADDER CANCER | 1073 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE AMPULLA OF VATER | 1073 | ||
| SECTION XIV: HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES | 1075 | ||
| 159: HEMATOPOIESIS AND HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS | 1076 | ||
| HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS | 1076 | ||
| HEMATOPOIETIC CELL EXPANSION— HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS | 1076 | ||
| CLINICAL USES OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS AND GROWTH FACTORS | 1076 | ||
| 160: THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR | 1078 | ||
| REASONS FOR PERFORMING A BLOOD SMEAR | 1078 | ||
| THE BLOOD SMEAR IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA | 1082 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOSIS, AND PLATELET MORPHOLOGY | 1083 | ||
| LEUKOCYTOSIS AND LEUKOPENIA | 1083 | ||
| LEUKEMIAS AND LYMPHOMAS | 1084 | ||
| THE INCIDENTAL DETECTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ABNORMALITIES | 1084 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1085 | ||
| 161: APPROACH TO THE ANEMIAS | 1085 | ||
| ANEMIA DUE TO BLOOD LOSS | 1088 | ||
| ANEMIAS DUE TO DECREASED RED CELL PRODUCTION | 1089 | ||
| HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS | 1092 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA | 1093 | ||
| 162: MICROCYTIC AND HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS | 1093 | ||
| IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA | 1093 | ||
| ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND INFLAMMATION | 1096 | ||
| SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIAS | 1097 | ||
| 163: AUTOIMMUNE AND INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS | 1099 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS | 1099 | ||
| OTHER CAUSES OF INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS | 1106 | ||
| 164: HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS: RED CELL MEMBRANE AND METABOLIC DEFECTS | 1106 | ||
| THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE | 1106 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE | 1107 | ||
| ERYTHROCYTE METABOLISM | 1110 | ||
| DISORDERS OF ERYTHROCYTE METABOLISM | 1111 | ||
| 165: THE THALASSEMIAS | 1114 | ||
| UNSTABLE HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES | 1120 | ||
| 166: SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND OTHER HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES | 1120 | ||
| SICKLE CELL DISEASE | 1120 | ||
| OTHER HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES | 1128 | ||
| 167: MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS | 1129 | ||
| 168: APLASTIC ANEMIA AND RELATED BONE MARROW FAILURE STATES | 1137 | ||
| 169: POLYCYTHEMIAS, ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA, AND PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS | 1144 | ||
| 170: LEUKOCYTOSIS AND LEUKOPENIA | 1152 | ||
| NORMAL NEUTROPHIL DYNAMICS | 1152 | ||
| NEUTROPHILIA | 1152 | ||
| NEUTROPENIA | 1155 | ||
| 171: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH LYMPHADENOPATHY AND SPLENOMEGALY | 1161 | ||
| LYMPHADENOPATHY | 1161 | ||
| SPLENOMEGALY | 1163 | ||
| 172: DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTE FUNCTION | 1165 | ||
| NEUTROPHILS | 1165 | ||
| DEFECTS IN LEUKOCYTE ADHESION | 1169 | ||
| DEFECTS IN NEUTROPHILIC CHEMOTAXIS | 1169 | ||
| DISORDERS OF NEUTROPHILIC DEGRANULATION | 1169 | ||
| DISORDERS OF OXYGEN-DEPENDENT BACTERIAL KILLING | 1169 | ||
| MACROPHAGE-RELATED ABNORMALITIES | 1171 | ||
| ASSESSING PHAGOCYTE FUNCTION: MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS | 1171 | ||
| 173: EOSINOPHILIC SYNDROMES | 1172 | ||
| 174: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH BLEEDING AND THROMBOSIS | 1175 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS | 1175 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH A POSSIBLE BLEEDING DISORDER | 1176 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENT WITH ABNORMAL COAGULATION TESTS | 1177 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PREOPERATIVE PATIENT | 1177 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH A POSSIBLE HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE | 1178 | ||
| 175: THROMBOCYTOPENIA | 1178 | ||
| GENERAL MECHANISMS OF THROMBOCYTOPENIAS | 1179 | ||
| PLATELET TRANSFUSIONS | 1179 | ||
| SPECIFIC CAUSES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA | 1180 | ||
| 176: VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE AND HEMORRHAGIC ABNORMALITIES OF PLATELET AND VASCULAR FUNCTION | 1185 | ||
| VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE | 1185 | ||
| ACQUIRED VON WILLEBRAND SYNDROME | 1188 | ||
| BLEEDING DUE TO QUALITATIVE PLATELET DISORDERS | 1189 | ||
| VASCULAR HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS | 1190 | ||
| 177: HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS: COAGULATION FACTOR DEFICIENCIES | 1191 | ||
| COAGULATION DEFICIENCIES | 1191 | ||
| 178: HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS: DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION, LIVER FAILURE, AND VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY | 1199 | ||
| DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION | 1199 | ||
| LIVER FAILURE | 1201 | ||
| VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY | 1202 | ||
| 179: THROMBOTIC DISORDERS: HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES | 1202 | ||
| PRIMARY HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES | 1203 | ||
| SECONDARY HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES | 1205 | ||
| 180: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE | 1208 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE | 1208 | ||
| THE TRANSFUSION MEDICINE SPECIALIST | 1208 | ||
| TRANSFUSION | 1208 | ||
| BLOOD SAFETY | 1210 | ||
| EMERGING ISSUES AND EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES | 1212 | ||
| 181: HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 1212 | ||
| ALLOGENEIC AND SYNGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION | 1213 | ||
| AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION | 1213 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR TRANSPLANTATION | 1213 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 1215 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 1216 | ||
| SECTION XV: ONCOLOGY | 1217 | ||
| 182: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH CANCER | 1218 | ||
| 183: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER | 1231 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 1231 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 1236 | ||
| 184: CANCER GENETICS | 1236 | ||
| CANCER IS A GENETIC DISEASE | 1236 | ||
| HEREDITARY CANCER SYNDROMES | 1237 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF FAMILIAL CANCER SYNDROMES | 1237 | ||
| USE OF GENETICS IN CANCER THERAPY | 1238 | ||
| 185: BIOLOGY OF CANCER | 1238 | ||
| GENETIC CANCER BIOLOGY | 1238 | ||
| DISTINCTIVE CANCER BIOLOGY | 1240 | ||
| 186: ENDOCRINE MANIFESTATIONS OF TUMORS: “ECTOPIC” HORMONE PRODUCTION | 1241 | ||
| HUMORAL HYPERCALCEMIA OF MALIGNANCY | 1242 | ||
| ECTOPIC ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE SECRETION | 1243 | ||
| HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION | 1244 | ||
| HYPOGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER | 1245 | ||
| SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION | 1245 | ||
| RARE ECTOPIC HORMONE SYNDROMES | 1245 | ||
| 187: PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND OTHER NON-NEOPLASTIC EFFECTS OF CANCER | 1246 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 1246 | ||
| DERMATOLOGIC PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 1249 | ||
| RHEUMATOLOGIC PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 1251 | ||
| RENAL PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 1253 | ||
| HEPATOPATHY | 1253 | ||
| FEVER AND CACHEXIA | 1253 | ||
| 188: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME | 1254 | ||
| 189: THE ACUTE LEUKEMIAS | 1257 | ||
| 190: THE CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS | 1263 | ||
| CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA | 1263 | ||
| CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA | 1267 | ||
| HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA | 1267 | ||
| CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA | 1268 | ||
| 191: NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS | 1272 | ||
| SPECIFIC TYPES OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMAS | 1277 | ||
| SPECIAL CLINICAL SITUATIONS | 1281 | ||
| DISEASES SOMETIMES CONFUSED WITH LYMPHOMA | 1282 | ||
| 192: HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA | 1282 | ||
| 193: PLASMA CELL DISORDERS | 1287 | ||
| MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE | 1288 | ||
| BICLONAL GAMMOPATHIES | 1290 | ||
| LIGHT CHAIN MGUS AND IDIOPATHIC BENCE JONES PROTEINURIA | 1290 | ||
| MULTIPLE MYELOMA | 1290 | ||
| VARIANT FORMS OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA | 1295 | ||
| WALDENSTRÖM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA (PRIMARY MACROGLOBULINEMIA) | 1295 | ||
| HYPERVISCOSITY SYNDROME | 1296 | ||
| HEAVY CHAIN DISEASES | 1296 | ||
| CRYOGLOBULINEMIA | 1296 | ||
| 194: AMYLOIDOSIS | 1297 | ||
| 195: TUMORS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION AND HYPOTENSION | 1300 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL TUMORS | 1300 | ||
| SPECIFIC TYPES OF BRAIN TUMORS | 1304 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION AND HYPOTENSION | 1308 | ||
| 196: HEAD AND NECK CANCER | 1311 | ||
| 197: LUNG CANCER AND OTHER PULMONARY NEOPLASMS | 1318 | ||
| BRONCHOGENIC LUNG CANCER | 1318 | ||
| OTHER PULMONARY NEOPLASMS | 1325 | ||
| 198: NEOPLASMS OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH | 1326 | ||
| NEOPLASMS OF THE ESOPHAGUS | 1326 | ||
| NEOPLASMS OF THE STOMACH | 1328 | ||
| 199: NEOPLASMS OF THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE | 1332 | ||
| NEOPLASMS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE | 1332 | ||
| NEOPLASMS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE | 1334 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1343 | ||
| 200: PANCREATIC CANCER | 1343 | ||
| 201: PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE TUMORS | 1346 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE TUMOR SYNDROMES | 1346 | ||
| 202: LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT TUMORS | 1351 | ||
| EVALUATION OF MASS LESIONS OF THE LIVER | 1351 | ||
| COMMON BENIGN TUMORS OF THE LIVER | 1352 | ||
| PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT | 1354 | ||
| 203: TUMORS OF THE KIDNEY, BLADDER, URETERS, AND RENAL PELVIS | 1357 | ||
| RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 1357 | ||
| BLADDER CANCER | 1360 | ||
| CANCERS OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND URETERS | 1362 | ||
| 204: BREAST CANCER AND BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS | 1363 | ||
| BREAST CANCER | 1363 | ||
| BENIGN BREAST LESIONS | 1370 | ||
| 205: GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS | 1371 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER | 1371 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 1372 | ||
| EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER | 1373 | ||
| NONEPITHELIAL OVARIAN MALIGNANCIES | 1374 | ||
| VULVAR CANCER | 1374 | ||
| VAGINAL CANCER | 1374 | ||
| UTERINE FIBROIDS | 1374 | ||
| 206: TESTICULAR CANCER | 1375 | ||
| 207: PROSTATE CANCER | 1376 | ||
| 208: PRIMARY AND METASTATIC MALIGNANT BONE LESIONS | 1379 | ||
| PRIMARY BONE TUMORS | 1379 | ||
| MAJOR PRIMARY MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS | 1379 | ||
| METASTATIC TUMORS TO BONE | 1380 | ||
| 209: SARCOMAS OF SOFT TISSUE AND BONE, AND OTHER NEOPLASMS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES | 1381 | ||
| 210: MELANOMA AND NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCERS | 1383 | ||
| MELANOMA | 1383 | ||
| BASAL AND SQUAMOUS CELL SKIN CANCER | 1386 | ||
| 211: CANCER OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY ORIGIN | 1388 | ||
| INDEX | 1393 | ||
| 9781437736083 | 1479 | ||
| Front cover | 1479 | ||
| QUICK REFERENCE (QR) VIDEO ACCESS | 1481 | ||
| Title page | 1491 | ||
| Copyright page | 1492 | ||
| ASSOCIATE EDITORS | 1493 | ||
| PREFACE | 1495 | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | 1497 | ||
| Instructions for online access | 2849 | ||
| Table of contents | 1519 | ||
| VIDEO CONTENTS | 1529 | ||
| SECTION XVI: METABOLIC DISEASES | 1531 | ||
| 212: APPROACH TO INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM | 1532 | ||
| ERRORS IN PROTEINS THAT CAUSE DISEASES | 1533 | ||
| 213: DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM | 1538 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF LIPID TRANSPORT | 1538 | ||
| EXOGENOUS LIPID METABOLISM | 1540 | ||
| ENDOGENOUS LIPID METABOLISM | 1540 | ||
| REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT AND HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM | 1541 | ||
| LIPID-ACTIVATED NUCLEAR RECEPTORS AND LIPID METABOLISM | 1542 | ||
| IMPORTANT CLINICAL DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM | 1542 | ||
| EVALUATION AND THERAPY OF LIPID DISORDERS | 1544 | ||
| PRIMARY PREVENTION | 1546 | ||
| 214: GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES | 1546 | ||
| 215: THE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES | 1549 | ||
| GAUCHER’S DISEASE | 1550 | ||
| FABRY’S DISEASE | 1551 | ||
| OTHER LYSOSOMAL DISORDERS FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED IN ADULTS | 1552 | ||
| 216: HOMOCYSTINURIA AND HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA | 1553 | ||
| 217: THE PORPHYRIAS | 1555 | ||
| THE MOST COMMON PORPHYRIAS | 1555 | ||
| LESS COMMON PORPHYRIAS | 1561 | ||
| LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF PORPHYRIAS | 1562 | ||
| 218: WILSON’S DISEASE | 1563 | ||
| 219: IRON OVERLOAD (HEMOCHROMATOSIS) | 1565 | ||
| SECTION XVII: NUTRITIONAL DISEASES | 1571 | ||
| 220: NUTRITION’S INTERFACE WITH HEALTH AND DISEASE | 1572 | ||
| OLD AND NEW PARADIGMS IN THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION | 1572 | ||
| NUTRITION ’ S INFLUENCE ON MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY | 1572 | ||
| TRANSLATING EVIDENCE INTO DIETARY CHANGE | 1574 | ||
| 221: NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT | 1576 | ||
| GOALS AND IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT | 1576 | ||
| CLINICAL NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT | 1577 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL THERAPY AND ITS ASSESSMENT | 1579 | ||
| 222: PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION | 1580 | ||
| METABOLIC RESPONSE TO STARVATION | 1580 | ||
| UNDERNUTRITION-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN TISSUE MASS AND FUNCTION | 1581 | ||
| DEATH FROM STARVATION | 1581 | ||
| 223: ENTERAL NUTRITION | 1583 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC BENEFIT OF ENTERAL NUTRITION | 1584 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF NOT PROVIDING ENTERAL NUTRITION | 1584 | ||
| INITIATING ENTERAL FEEDING | 1584 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF ENTERAL FEEDING | 1585 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1586 | ||
| 224: PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 1586 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL SCREENING AND INDICATIONS | 1586 | ||
| ORDERING PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 1586 | ||
| PARENTERAL NUTRITION DELIVERY | 1588 | ||
| METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS AND MONITORING OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 1589 | ||
| 225: VITAMINS, TRACE MINERALS, AND OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS | 1589 | ||
| MICRONUTRIENTS IN NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE | 1589 | ||
| TYPES AND FUNCTION OF MICRONUTRIENTS | 1590 | ||
| CONDITIONS THAT INCREASE REQUIRED DIETARY INTAKE | 1590 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC FACTORS | 1597 | ||
| ADVANCES IN NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE | 1597 | ||
| 226: EATING DISORDERS | 1598 | ||
| ANOREXIA NERVOSA | 1598 | ||
| BULIMIA NERVOSA | 1599 | ||
| BINGE-EATING DISORDER | 1599 | ||
| EATING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED | 1599 | ||
| 227: OBESITY | 1601 | ||
| SECTION XVIII: ENDOCRINE DISEASES | 1611 | ||
| 228: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ENDOCRINE DISEASE | 1612 | ||
| COMMON SYMPTOMS OF ENDOCRINOLOGIC DISEASE | 1612 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 1612 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION | 1613 | ||
| GENETIC EVALUATION | 1614 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE RESPONSE OF AN ENDOCRINE DISEASE TO TREATMENT | 1614 | ||
| 229: PRINCIPLES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY | 1615 | ||
| REGULATION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM | 1615 | ||
| HORMONE TRANSPORT IN THE GENERAL CIRCULATION | 1615 | ||
| 230: NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM | 1617 | ||
| NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION | 1617 | ||
| NEUROENDOCRINE DISEASE | 1619 | ||
| 231: ANTERIOR PITUITARY | 1623 | ||
| ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY | 1623 | ||
| RADIOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY | 1623 | ||
| REGULATION OF THE PITUITARY AXIS | 1624 | ||
| HYPOPITUITARISM | 1624 | ||
| PITUITARY TUMORS | 1625 | ||
| GROWTH HORMONE | 1627 | ||
| GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY | 1628 | ||
| GROWTH HORMONE EXCESS: ACROMEGALY AND GIGANTISM | 1628 | ||
| PROLACTIN | 1630 | ||
| PROLACTIN DEFICIENCY | 1630 | ||
| HYPERPROLACTINEMIA | 1630 | ||
| ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE | 1631 | ||
| ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE DEFICIENCY: SECONDARY HYPOCORTISOLISM | 1631 | ||
| CUSHING’S DISEASE | 1632 | ||
| NELSON’S SYNDROME | 1634 | ||
| GONADOTROPINS (FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE) | 1634 | ||
| HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM | 1634 | ||
| FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE–AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE–PRODUCING TUMORS | 1635 | ||
| THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE | 1635 | ||
| CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM | 1635 | ||
| THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE–SECRETING TUMORS | 1636 | ||
| CLINICALLY NONFUNCTIONING PITUITARY TUMORS | 1636 | ||
| 232: POSTERIOR PITUITARY | 1636 | ||
| ANATOMY AND HORMONE SYNTHESIS | 1636 | ||
| SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION | 1638 | ||
| 233: THYROID | 1642 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 1642 | ||
| HYPOTHYROIDISM | 1644 | ||
| THYROTOXICOSIS | 1646 | ||
| THYROIDITIS | 1650 | ||
| GOITER | 1651 | ||
| THYROID NODULES | 1652 | ||
| THYROID CANCER | 1653 | ||
| 234: ADRENAL CORTEX | 1655 | ||
| FUNCTION | 1655 | ||
| DISORDERS OF ADRENAL FUNCTION | 1655 | ||
| 235: ADRENAL MEDULLA, CATECHOLAMINES, AND PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA | 1662 | ||
| ADRENAL MEDULLA AND CATECHOLAMINES | 1662 | ||
| PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA | 1662 | ||
| MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA AND PARAGANGLIOMA | 1667 | ||
| PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN PREGNANCY | 1667 | ||
| 236: TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS | 1667 | ||
| TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS | 1667 | ||
| ACUTE METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS | 1674 | ||
| CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS | 1677 | ||
| 237: TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS | 1681 | ||
| ACUTE METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS | 1690 | ||
| HYPOGLYCEMIA | 1690 | ||
| CHRONIC DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS | 1690 | ||
| 238: HYPOGLYCEMIA AND PANCREATIC ISLET CELL DISORDERS | 1691 | ||
| HYPOGLYCEMIA | 1691 | ||
| ISLET CELL TUMORS | 1696 | ||
| 239: POLYGLANDULAR DISORDERS | 1697 | ||
| NEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES | 1697 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNE SYNDROMES | 1699 | ||
| 240: CARCINOID SYNDROME | 1701 | ||
| THE NEOPLASMS | 1701 | ||
| 241: DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT | 1703 | ||
| DEFECTS OF SEX DIFFERENTIATION | 1705 | ||
| MATERNAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE FETUS | 1707 | ||
| HORMONE INSENSITIVITY SYNDROMES AND OTHER HORMONE DEFICIENCIES | 1707 | ||
| OTHER GENETIC CONDITIONS | 1708 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT: GENDER ROLE AND IDENTITY | 1709 | ||
| 242: THE TESTIS AND MALE SEXUAL FUNCTION | 1711 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 1711 | ||
| MALE HYPOGONADISM | 1715 | ||
| MALE INFERTILITY | 1717 | ||
| SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION | 1720 | ||
| 243: OVARIES AND DEVELOPMENT | 1721 | ||
| ABERRATIONS IN PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT | 1723 | ||
| 244: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND INFERTILITY | 1726 | ||
| THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE | 1726 | ||
| CYCLIC CHANGES IN TARGET ORGANS | 1727 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE YEARS | 1728 | ||
| CHRONIC ANOVULATION | 1733 | ||
| SEXUAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION | 1737 | ||
| SECTION XIX: WOMEN’S HEALTH | 1739 | ||
| 245: APPROACH TO WOMEN’S HEALTH | 1740 | ||
| LIFESPAN GROUPS | 1740 | ||
| HEALTH DISPARITIES AMONG WOMEN | 1740 | ||
| COMMON CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN WOMEN | 1740 | ||
| COMMON CAUSES OF MORBIDITY IN WOMEN | 1741 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ISSUES | 1743 | ||
| 246: CONTRACEPTION | 1744 | ||
| CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND EFFECTIVENESS | 1744 | ||
| TYPES OF CONTRACEPTIVES | 1744 | ||
| 247: COMMON MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN PREGNANCY | 1747 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1747 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES | 1748 | ||
| HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY | 1749 | ||
| PREECLAMPSIA | 1750 | ||
| DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, PULMONARY EMBOLISM, AND THROMBOPHILIA | 1752 | ||
| DIABETES | 1755 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1757 | ||
| 248: MENOPAUSE | 1757 | ||
| MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS | 1757 | ||
| 249: INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE | 1763 | ||
| SECTION XX: DISEASES OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM | 1767 | ||
| 250: MINERAL AND BONE HOMEOSTASIS | 1768 | ||
| HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEMS FOR CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHATE | 1768 | ||
| 251: OSTEOPOROSIS | 1769 | ||
| GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS | 1777 | ||
| OSTEOPOROSIS IN MEN | 1778 | ||
| 252: OSTEOMALACIA AND RICKETS | 1779 | ||
| 253: THE PARATHYROID GLANDS, HYPERCALCEMIA, AND HYPOCALCEMIA | 1783 | ||
| CALCIUM AND CALCIUM METABOLISM | 1783 | ||
| HYPERCALCEMIA | 1785 | ||
| HYPOCALCEMIA | 1789 | ||
| 254: MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA AND CALCITONIN | 1793 | ||
| MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA | 1793 | ||
| 255: PAGET’S DISEASE OF BONE | 1795 | ||
| 256: OSTEONECROSIS, OSTEOSCLEROSIS/HYPEROSTOSIS, AND OTHER DISORDERS OF BONE | 1797 | ||
| OSTEONECROSIS | 1797 | ||
| OSTEOSCLEROSIS/HYPEROSTOSIS | 1798 | ||
| OSTEOSCLEROSIS WITH HYPEROSTOSIS | 1799 | ||
| FOCAL OSTEOSCLEROSIS/HYPEROSTOSIS | 1800 | ||
| OTHER DISORDERS OF BONE | 1801 | ||
| SECTION XXI: DISEASES OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY | 1803 | ||
| 257: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH ALLERGIC OR IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASE | 1804 | ||
| ALLERGIC DISEASE | 1804 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASE | 1806 | ||
| 258: PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES | 1807 | ||
| DEFECTS IN THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM: COMPLEMENT AND PHAGOCYTE DEFICIENCIES | 1808 | ||
| DEFICIENCIES OF T-CELL IMMUNITY | 1809 | ||
| B-CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCIES | 1810 | ||
| DISEASES OF IMMUNE DYSREGULATION AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 1811 | ||
| COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 1812 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN A DEFICIENCY | 1812 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN G SUBCLASS DEFICIENCIES AND SELECTIVE ANTIBODY DEFICIENCY | 1813 | ||
| 259: ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND SINUSITIS | 1814 | ||
| 260: URTICARIA AND ANGIOEDEMA | 1820 | ||
| URTICARIA | 1820 | ||
| HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA AND RELATED DISEASES | 1823 | ||
| 261: SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLAXIS, FOOD ALLERGY, AND INSECT STING ALLERGY | 1825 | ||
| 262: DRUG ALLERGY | 1830 | ||
| 263: MASTOCYTOSIS | 1832 | ||
| SECTION XXII: RHEUMATIC DISEASES | 1839 | ||
| 264: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASE | 1840 | ||
| 265: LABORATORY TESTING IN THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES | 1843 | ||
| MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION | 1844 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE | 1844 | ||
| LABORATORY EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE | 1845 | ||
| 266: IMAGING STUDIES IN THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES | 1848 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHY | 1848 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 1848 | ||
| ULTRASOUND | 1849 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 1850 | ||
| ARTHROGRAPHY | 1850 | ||
| SCINTIGRAPHY | 1851 | ||
| 267: CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | 1851 | ||
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEINS AND MACROMOLECULES | 1852 | ||
| SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE STRUCTURES | 1853 | ||
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEGRADATION | 1853 | ||
| 268: INHERITED DISEASES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE | 1854 | ||
| MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES | 1854 | ||
| MARFAN SYNDROME | 1855 | ||
| EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROMES | 1856 | ||
| OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA SYNDROMES | 1857 | ||
| PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM | 1858 | ||
| 269: THE SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES | 1859 | ||
| HEREDITARY RECURRENT FEVER SYNDROMES | 1860 | ||
| OTHER INHERITED SYSTEMIC AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES | 1863 | ||
| 270: OSTEOARTHRITIS | 1864 | ||
| 271: BURSITIS, TENDINITIS, AND OTHER PERIARTICULAR DISORDERS AND SPORTS MEDICINE | 1868 | ||
| SPORTS MEDICINE INJURIES | 1869 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE SHOULDER REGION | 1870 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE ELBOW REGION | 1871 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE WRIST AND HAND | 1871 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE HIP REGION | 1872 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE KNEE REGION | 1872 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE ANKLE AND FOOT REGION | 1873 | ||
| 272: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS | 1873 | ||
| 273: THE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES | 1882 | ||
| COMMON FEATURES OF THE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES | 1882 | ||
| GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY | 1884 | ||
| CLINICAL SUBSETS OF THE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES | 1884 | ||
| 274: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 1889 | ||
| 275: SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SCLERODERMA) | 1897 | ||
| NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS | 1904 | ||
| 276: SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME | 1905 | ||
| 277: POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS | 1908 | ||
| 278: THE SYSTEMIC VASCULITIDES | 1912 | ||
| 279: POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND TEMPORAL ARTERITIS | 1920 | ||
| 280: INFECTIONS OF BURSAE, JOINTS, AND BONES | 1923 | ||
| INFECTION OF BURSAE | 1923 | ||
| INFECTION OF JOINTS | 1923 | ||
| OSTEOMYELITIS | 1927 | ||
| 281: CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASES | 1929 | ||
| GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA | 1929 | ||
| CPPD DEPOSITION DISEASE | 1933 | ||
| APATITE-ASSOCIATED (BASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) ARTHROPATHY | 1934 | ||
| 282: FIBROMYALGIA AND CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME | 1935 | ||
| FIBROMYALGIA | 1935 | ||
| CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME | 1937 | ||
| MYOFASCIAL PAIN | 1938 | ||
| 283: SYSTEMIC DISEASES IN WHICH ARTHRITIS IS A FEATURE | 1939 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS | 1939 | ||
| PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS | 1939 | ||
| WHIPPLE’S DISEASE | 1939 | ||
| GLUTEN-SENSITIVE ENTEROPATHY (CELIAC DISEASE) | 1940 | ||
| PANCREATIC-ARTHRITIS SYNDROME | 1940 | ||
| HEMOPHILIA | 1940 | ||
| HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES | 1940 | ||
| HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA | 1941 | ||
| DIABETES MELLITUS | 1941 | ||
| THYROID DISORDERS | 1941 | ||
| PARATHYROID DISORDERS | 1941 | ||
| ACROMEGALY | 1941 | ||
| HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA | 1941 | ||
| PAGET’S DISEASE | 1941 | ||
| HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOARTHROPATHY | 1941 | ||
| LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA | 1942 | ||
| CARCINOMATOUS POLYARTHRITIS | 1942 | ||
| PALMAR FASCIITIS AND ARTHRITIS SYNDROME | 1942 | ||
| HEMOCHROMATOSIS | 1942 | ||
| MULTICENTRIC RETICULOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 1943 | ||
| SARCOIDOSIS | 1943 | ||
| ALKAPTONURIA (OCHRONOSIS) | 1943 | ||
| FABRY’S DISEASE | 1943 | ||
| RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS | 1943 | ||
| CYSTIC FIBROSIS | 1943 | ||
| PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS | 1944 | ||
| 284: IDIOPATHIC MULTIFOCAL FIBROSCLEROSIS | 1944 | ||
| 285: SURGICAL TREATMENT OF JOINT DISEASE | 1945 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 1946 | ||
| ANESTHESIA IN THE ORTHOPEDIC PATIENT | 1946 | ||
| SURGICAL MANAGEMENT | 1946 | ||
| ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES | 1946 | ||
| ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES ON OTHER JOINTS | 1949 | ||
| MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH ARTHRITIS UNDERGOING SURGERY | 1949 | ||
| SECTION XXIII: INFECTIOUS DISEASES | 1951 | ||
| 286: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIAL DISEASE: HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS | 1953 | ||
| 287: PRINCIPLES OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY | 1954 | ||
| SELECTING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY TARGETING THE PATHOGEN | 1955 | ||
| SELECTING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY APPROPRIATE TO THE INFECTION AND PATIENT | 1956 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIAL COMBINATIONS | 1957 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS IN ANTIMICROBIAL ADMINISTRATION | 1959 | ||
| MONITORING ANTIMICROBIAL CONCENTRATIONS | 1959 | ||
| ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 1960 | ||
| 288: APPROACH TO FEVER OR SUSPECTED INFECTION IN THE NORMAL HOST | 1960 | ||
| PATHOBIOLOGY OF INFECTION AND FEVER | 1960 | ||
| APPROACH TO FEBRILE ILLNESS IN OUTPATIENTS AND INPATIENTS | 1961 | ||
| SYNDROMIC APPROACH: FEVER AND RASH | 1962 | ||
| SYNDROMIC APPROACH: FEVER AND MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS | 1963 | ||
| SYNDROMIC APPROACH: FEVER AND LYMPHADENOPATHY OR HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY | 1963 | ||
| APPROACH TO FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN | 1964 | ||
| INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED INFECTION IN THE AMBULATORY SETTING | 1964 | ||
| INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION | 1965 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1966 | ||
| 289: APPROACH TO FEVER AND SUSPECTED INFECTION IN THE COMPROMISED HOST | 1966 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE PATIENT | 1966 | ||
| FEVER DURING NEUTROPENIA: CONSIDERATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 1967 | ||
| FEVER DURING NEUTROPENIA: MANAGEMENT | 1968 | ||
| CUTANEOUS SYNDROMES | 1970 | ||
| RESPIRATORY SYNDROMES | 1971 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROMES | 1972 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC SYNDROMES | 1972 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 1972 | ||
| 290: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS | 1972 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS | 1973 | ||
| RESERVOIRS AND TRANSMISSION OF HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS | 1973 | ||
| ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT INFECTIONS | 1973 | ||
| GENERAL STRATEGIES EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING SPREAD OF RESISTANCE IN HOSPITALS | 1974 | ||
| CATEGORIES OF HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS | 1976 | ||
| INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS | 1978 | ||
| OCCUPATIONAL AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS | 1978 | ||
| 291: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH SUSPECTED ENTERIC INFECTION | 1980 | ||
| 292: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION | 1983 | ||
| 293: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH A SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE | 1988 | ||
| SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | 1988 | ||
| SYNDROMES | 1989 | ||
| TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY | 1992 | ||
| 294: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT BEFORE AND AFTER TRAVEL | 1992 | ||
| PRETRAVEL HEALTH CARE AND RISK ASSESSMENT | 1992 | ||
| PREVENTION AND RISK REDUCTION | 1992 | ||
| POST-TRAVEL CARE | 1995 | ||
| 295: ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY | 1995 | ||
| CHOICE OF ANTIBIOTIC, ANTIBIOTIC DOSE, AND SCHEDULE TO OPTIMIZE CLINICAL OUTCOME | 1995 | ||
| CULTURE AND GRAM STAIN | 1996 | ||
| SUSCEPTIBILITY | 1996 | ||
| DETERMINING THE “CORRECT” DRUG DOSE | 1996 | ||
| EMERGENCE OF RESISTANCE | 1997 | ||
| SUPPRESSING THE EMERGENCE OF RESISTANCE | 1998 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 1998 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE | 1998 | ||
| EFFECTS OF PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES | 1998 | ||
| DRUG CLASSES AND THEIR PROPERTIES | 2000 | ||
| TOXICITIES | 2005 | ||
| DURATION OF THERAPY | 2005 | ||
| FAILURE OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 2005 | ||
| 296: STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS | 2007 | ||
| THE PATHOGEN | 2007 | ||
| COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI | 2011 | ||
| 297: STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS | 2012 | ||
| 298: NONPNEUMOCOCCAL STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, RHEUMATIC FEVER | 2015 | ||
| THE PATHOGENS | 2015 | ||
| STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES (GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS) | 2016 | ||
| STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE (GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS) | 2020 | ||
| STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE SUBSPECIES EQUISIMILIS (HUMAN GROUP C AND G STREPTOCOCCI) | 2020 | ||
| VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI | 2020 | ||
| ZOONOTIC STREPTROCOCCI | 2021 | ||
| 299: ENTEROCOCCAL INFECTIONS | 2022 | ||
| 300: DIPHTHERIA AND OTHER CORYNEBACTERIA INFECTIONS | 2024 | ||
| DIPHTHERIA | 2024 | ||
| OTHER CORYNEBACTERIUM SPECIES | 2027 | ||
| 301: LISTERIOSIS | 2027 | ||
| 302: ANTHRAX | 2029 | ||
| 303: ERYSIPELOTHRIX INFECTIONS | 2032 | ||
| 304: CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTIONS | 2033 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION | 2033 | ||
| NECROTIZING CLOSTRIDIAL TISSUE INFECTION | 2034 | ||
| NEUROTOXIC CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTIONS | 2036 | ||
| OTHER CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTIONS | 2038 | ||
| 305: DISEASES CAUSED BY NON–SPORE-FORMINGANAEROBIC BACTERIA | 2039 | ||
| 306: NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS INFECTIONS | 2043 | ||
| 307: NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE INFECTIONS | 2047 | ||
| CLINICAL SYNDROMES | 2049 | ||
| 308: HAEMOPHILUS AND MORAXELLA INFECTIONS | 2053 | ||
| HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS | 2053 | ||
| MORAXELLA INFECTIONS | 2055 | ||
| 309: CHANCROID | 2056 | ||
| 310: CHOLERA AND OTHER VIBRIO INFECTIONS | 2057 | ||
| CHOLERA | 2057 | ||
| OTHER VIBRIO INFECTIONS | 2060 | ||
| 311: CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS | 2060 | ||
| OTHER CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES | 2062 | ||
| 312: ESCHERICHIA COLI ENTERIC INFECTIONS | 2063 | ||
| 313: INFECTIONS DUE TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, INCLUDING MANAGEMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS | 2066 | ||
| 314: PSEUDOMONAS AND RELATED GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLARY INFECTIONS | 2069 | ||
| 315: DISEASES CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER AND STENOTROPHOMONAS SPECIES | 2073 | ||
| ACINETOBACTER SPECIES | 2073 | ||
| STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA | 2075 | ||
| 316: SALMONELLA INFECTIONS (INCLUDING TYPHOID FEVER) | 2076 | ||
| 317: SHIGELLOSIS | 2080 | ||
| 318: BRUCELLOSIS | 2083 | ||
| 319: TULAREMIA AND OTHER FRANCISELLA INFECTIONS | 2085 | ||
| 320: PLAGUE AND OTHER YERSINIA INFECTIONS | 2087 | ||
| YERSINIA PESTIS | 2087 | ||
| ENTEROPATHOGENIC YERSINIAE | 2090 | ||
| 321: WHOOPING COUGH AND OTHER BORDETELLA INFECTIONS | 2092 | ||
| 322: LEGIONELLA INFECTIONS | 2095 | ||
| 323: BARTONELLA INFECTIONS | 2098 | ||
| INFECTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS: OROYA FEVER AND TRENCH FEVER | 2099 | ||
| CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE | 2100 | ||
| ENDOCARDITIS | 2100 | ||
| VASCULOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE: VERRUGA PERUANA, BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS, AND PELIOSIS HEPATIS | 2101 | ||
| 324: GRANULOMA INGUINALE (DONOVANOSIS) | 2103 | ||
| 325: MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS | 2104 | ||
| 326: DISEASES CAUSED BY CHLAMYDIAE | 2108 | ||
| CHLAMYDIAL DISEASES | 2109 | ||
| 327: SYPHILIS | 2114 | ||
| 328: NONSYPHILITIC TREPONEMATOSES | 2121 | ||
| 329: LYME DISEASE | 2122 | ||
| 330: RELAPSING FEVER AND OTHER BORRELIA INFECTIONS | 2127 | ||
| 331: LEPTOSPIROSIS | 2129 | ||
| 332: TUBERCULOSIS | 2131 | ||
| 333: THE NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA | 2140 | ||
| 334: LEPROSY (HANSEN’S DISEASE) | 2142 | ||
| 335: RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS | 2146 | ||
| RICKETTSIOSES (DISEASES CAUSED BY RICKETTSIA SPECIES AND ORIENTIATSU TSUGAMUSHI) | 2147 | ||
| EHRLICHIOSES AND ANAPLASMOSES | 2152 | ||
| Q FEVER | 2154 | ||
| 336: ZOONOSES | 2156 | ||
| 337: ACTINOMYCOSIS | 2159 | ||
| 338: NOCARDIOSIS | 2162 | ||
| 339: SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS | 2163 | ||
| AMPHOTERICIN B–BASED PREPARATIONS | 2163 | ||
| FLUCYTOSINE | 2165 | ||
| AZOLE ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS | 2165 | ||
| ECHINOCANDIN ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS | 2168 | ||
| OTHER AGENTS | 2168 | ||
| 340: HISTOPLASMOSIS | 2169 | ||
| 341: COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | 2171 | ||
| 342: BLASTOMYCOSIS | 2173 | ||
| 343: PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | 2174 | ||
| 344: CRYPTOCOCCOSIS | 2175 | ||
| 345: SPOROTRICHOSIS | 2177 | ||
| 346: CANDIDIASIS | 2178 | ||
| 347: ASPERGILLOSIS | 2182 | ||
| 348: MUCORMYCOSIS | 2186 | ||
| 349: PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA | 2189 | ||
| 350: MYCETOMA | 2197 | ||
| 351: DEMATIACEOUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 2199 | ||
| 352: ANTIPARASITIC THERAPY | 2201 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HELMINTHS | 2201 | ||
| TREATMENT OF PROTOZOAL DISEASES | 2202 | ||
| CHAGAS’ DISEASE, AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AND LEISHMANIASIS | 2204 | ||
| 353: MALARIA | 2205 | ||
| 354: AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS | 2210 | ||
| 355: CHAGAS’ DISEASE | 2213 | ||
| 356: LEISHMANIASIS | 2217 | ||
| VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS | 2219 | ||
| CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS | 2220 | ||
| 357: TOXOPLASMOSIS | 2222 | ||
| 358: CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS | 2230 | ||
| 359: GIARDIASIS | 2232 | ||
| 360: AMEBIASIS | 2235 | ||
| FREE-LIVING AMEBAE | 2239 | ||
| 361: BABESIOSIS AND OTHER PROTOZOAN DISEASES | 2239 | ||
| BABESIOSIS | 2239 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS PROTOZOA | 2241 | ||
| 362: CESTODES | 2244 | ||
| TISSUE CESTODE (CYST) INFECTION | 2246 | ||
| 363: SCHISTOSOMIASIS (BILHARZIASIS) | 2250 | ||
| 364: LIVER, INTESTINAL, AND LUNG FLUKE INFECTIONS | 2252 | ||
| THE PATHOGENS | 2252 | ||
| FASCIOLIASIS | 2252 | ||
| CLONORCHIASIS AND OPISTHORCHIASIS | 2253 | ||
| 365: INTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS | 2256 | ||
| ASCARIASIS | 2256 | ||
| HOOKWORM | 2257 | ||
| TRICHURIASIS | 2258 | ||
| ENTEROBIASIS | 2258 | ||
| STRONGYLOIDIASIS | 2259 | ||
| UNCOMMON INTESTINAL NEMATODIASES | 2260 | ||
| 366: TISSUE NEMATODE INFECTIONS | 2261 | ||
| TOXOCARIASIS | 2261 | ||
| BAYLISASCARIASIS | 2262 | ||
| TRICHINELLOSIS | 2262 | ||
| ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS | 2263 | ||
| GNATHOSTOMIASIS | 2263 | ||
| FILARIASES | 2263 | ||
| DRACUNCULIASIS | 2268 | ||
| 367: ARTHROPODS AND LEECHES | 2268 | ||
| ARTHROPODS | 2268 | ||
| LEECHES AND OTHER ANNELIDS | 2273 | ||
| 368: ANTIVIRAL THERAPY (NON-HIV) | 2274 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 2274 | ||
| ANTIVIRALS FOR HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS | 2274 | ||
| ANTIVIRALS FOR INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTIONS | 2277 | ||
| ANTIVIRALS FOR HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTIONS | 2278 | ||
| OTHER ANTIVIRALS | 2281 | ||
| 369: THE COMMON COLD | 2281 | ||
| 370: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS | 2283 | ||
| 371: PARAINFLUENZA VIRAL DISEASE | 2284 | ||
| 372: INFLUENZA | 2287 | ||
| 373: ADENOVIRUS DISEASES | 2292 | ||
| DISEASE IN NORMAL HOSTS | 2293 | ||
| DISEASE IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS | 2294 | ||
| 374: CORONAVIRUSES | 2294 | ||
| 375: MEASLES | 2297 | ||
| 376: RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES) | 2299 | ||
| 377: MUMPS | 2301 | ||
| 378: CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS, AND SLOW VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 2303 | ||
| CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION | 2303 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION | 2304 | ||
| SLOW VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 2304 | ||
| 379: PARVOVIRUS | 2306 | ||
| 380: SMALLPOX, MONKEYPOX, AND OTHER POXVIRUS INFECTIONS | 2309 | ||
| 381: PAPILLOMAVIRUS | 2313 | ||
| 382: HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTIONS | 2317 | ||
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS | 2319 | ||
| HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS | 2320 | ||
| NEONATAL HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION | 2320 | ||
| 383: VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (CHICKENPOX, SHINGLES) | 2320 | ||
| 384: CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | 2323 | ||
| 385: EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION | 2325 | ||
| 386: RETROVIRUSES OTHER THAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS | 2328 | ||
| ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA | 2329 | ||
| HTLV-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY/TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS | 2331 | ||
| OTHER HTLV-ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS | 2331 | ||
| 387: ENTEROVIRUSES | 2332 | ||
| SPECIFIC CLINICAL SYNDROMES | 2334 | ||
| 388: ROTAVIRUSES, NOROVIRUSES, AND OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL VIRUSES | 2336 | ||
| 389: VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS | 2339 | ||
| 390: ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER AND RASH SYNDROMES | 2348 | ||
| COLORADO TICK FEVER | 2348 | ||
| DENGUE | 2349 | ||
| WEST NILE FEVER VIRUS | 2349 | ||
| PHLEBOTOMUS FEVER | 2350 | ||
| RIFT VALLEY FEVER | 2350 | ||
| CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER | 2351 | ||
| O’NYONG-NYONG FEVER | 2351 | ||
| MAYARO FEVER | 2352 | ||
| ROSS RIVER FEVER VIRUS (EPIDEMIC FEBRILE POLYARTHRITIS) | 2352 | ||
| SINDBIS | 2353 | ||
| 391: ARBOVIRUSES AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 2353 | ||
| EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS | 2355 | ||
| WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS | 2355 | ||
| VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS | 2356 | ||
| JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS | 2356 | ||
| WEST NILE FEVER AND ENCEPHALITIS | 2357 | ||
| ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS | 2358 | ||
| MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS AND ROCIO ENCEPHALITIS | 2359 | ||
| TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS | 2359 | ||
| CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP ENCEPHALITIS | 2360 | ||
| SECTION XXIV: HIV AND THE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 2361 | ||
| 392: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 2362 | ||
| HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 2362 | ||
| GLOBAL STATISTICS | 2362 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF HIV AND AIDS | 2362 | ||
| THE GLOBAL RESPONSE | 2362 | ||
| REGIONAL EPIDEMICS | 2364 | ||
| 393: IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 2367 | ||
| PRIMARY INFECTION | 2367 | ||
| HIV-1-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY | 2367 | ||
| THE EFFECT OF HIV-1 REPLICATION ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 2368 | ||
| CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF HIV INFECTION | 2368 | ||
| 394: BIOLOGY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES | 2369 | ||
| DISCOVERY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES | 2369 | ||
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 | 2369 | ||
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 2 | 2373 | ||
| 395: PREVENTION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 2374 | ||
| MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION | 2374 | ||
| PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS FOR HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS | 2377 | ||
| VACCINE DEVELOPMENT | 2377 | ||
| 396: TREATMENT OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 2377 | ||
| ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | 2378 | ||
| PREVENTION OF HIV-ASSOCIATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS | 2382 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF HIV-ASSOCIATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS | 2386 | ||
| IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION SYNDROMES | 2387 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF HIV-ASSOCIATED NEOPLASMS | 2387 | ||
| PREGNANCY AND HIV INFECTION | 2388 | ||
| 397: GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV AND AIDS | 2388 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 2388 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES FOUND WITH CD4+ COUNTS GREATER THAN 200 TO 500 CELLS/μL | 2388 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES MORE COMMONLY SEEN WITH CD4+ COUNTS LESS THAN 200 CELLS/μL | 2390 | ||
| APPROACH TO GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES | 2391 | ||
| 398: PULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 2391 | ||
| 399: SKIN MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 2401 | ||
| INFECTIOUS MANIFESTATIONS | 2401 | ||
| TUMORS | 2402 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY MANIFESTATIONS | 2403 | ||
| METABOLIC MANIFESTATIONS | 2404 | ||
| 400: HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 2404 | ||
| HIV HEMATOLOGY | 2404 | ||
| HIV ONCOLOGY | 2406 | ||
| HHV-8-RELATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES | 2408 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 2409 | ||
| 401: NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION | 2410 | ||
| HIV-ASSOCIATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS | 2410 | ||
| HIV MYELOPATHY | 2412 | ||
| HIV PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY | 2413 | ||
| HIV MYOPATHY | 2413 | ||
| 402: IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN HIV/AIDS | 2414 | ||
| SECTION XXV: NEUROLOGY | 2419 | ||
| 403: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH NEUROLOGIC DISEASE | 2420 | ||
| ACUTE NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS REQUIRING IMMEDIATE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT | 2421 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION | 2421 | ||
| COMMON COMPLAINTS OF POSSIBLE NEUROLOGIC ORIGIN | 2421 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 2423 | ||
| 404: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN MEDICAL PRACTICE | 2428 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 2428 | ||
| MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER | 2429 | ||
| BIPOLAR DISORDER | 2430 | ||
| OTHER MOOD DISORDERS | 2431 | ||
| ANXIETY DISORDERS | 2432 | ||
| PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS | 2434 | ||
| SOMATOFORM DISORDERS | 2436 | ||
| PERSONALITY DISORDERS | 2436 | ||
| SUICIDE AND EVALUATION OF SUICIDALITY | 2437 | ||
| WHEN TO REFER A PATIENT FOR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION | 2437 | ||
| 405: HEADACHES AND OTHER HEAD PAIN | 2438 | ||
| MIGRAINE HEADACHE | 2439 | ||
| TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE | 2440 | ||
| CLUSTER HEADACHE AND OTHER TRIGEMINAL AUTONOMIC CEPHALALGIAS | 2441 | ||
| CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE | 2442 | ||
| SINUS HEADACHE | 2443 | ||
| SECONDARY CAUSES OF HEADACHES | 2443 | ||
| 406: TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND SPINAL CORD INJURY | 2444 | ||
| 407: MECHANICAL AND OTHER LESIONS OF THE SPINE, NERVE ROOTS, AND SPINAL CORD | 2450 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE SPINE | 2450 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE NERVE ROOTS | 2456 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE SPINAL CORD | 2457 | ||
| 408: REGIONAL CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION: HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS | 2462 | ||
| MEMORY FUNCTION AND AMNESIC DISORDERS | 2462 | ||
| THE APHASIAS | 2463 | ||
| CORTICAL DISORDERS OF VISUAL FUNCTION AND HEMISPATIAL NEGLECT | 2465 | ||
| EXECUTIVE COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND CONTROL OF PERSONAL BEHAVIOR | 2465 | ||
| 409: ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS | 2466 | ||
| DEMENTIA | 2466 | ||
| MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT | 2468 | ||
| ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE | 2469 | ||
| VASCULAR DEMENTIA | 2471 | ||
| DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES | 2472 | ||
| FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION | 2473 | ||
| 410: THE EPILEPSIES | 2475 | ||
| 411: COMA, VEGETATIVE STATE, AND BRAIN DEATH | 2486 | ||
| COMA | 2486 | ||
| THE VEGETATIVE STATE | 2489 | ||
| THE MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE | 2490 | ||
| THE LOCKED-IN SYNDROME | 2490 | ||
| BRAIN DEATH | 2490 | ||
| 412: DISORDERS OF SLEEP | 2491 | ||
| SPECIFIC SLEEP DISORDERS | 2493 | ||
| 413: APPROACH TO CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES | 2496 | ||
| CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA | 2500 | ||
| CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE | 2501 | ||
| CEREBRAL EDEMA | 2501 | ||
| 414: ISCHEMIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE | 2502 | ||
| UNUSUAL CAUSES OF STROKE | 2507 | ||
| 415: HEMORRHAGIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE | 2512 | ||
| SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE | 2512 | ||
| PRIMARY INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE | 2515 | ||
| HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY | 2518 | ||
| 416: PARKINSONISM | 2518 | ||
| PARKINSON’S DISEASE | 2518 | ||
| OTHER CAUSES OF PARKINSONISM | 2525 | ||
| 417: OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS | 2525 | ||
| CHOREA | 2527 | ||
| DYSTONIA | 2528 | ||
| TICS | 2530 | ||
| MYOCLONUS | 2531 | ||
| HYPEREXPLEXIA | 2532 | ||
| OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS | 2532 | ||
| 418: AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND OTHER MOTOR NEURON DISEASES | 2535 | ||
| AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS | 2535 | ||
| SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES | 2537 | ||
| SPINOBULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY/KENNEDY’S DISEASE | 2538 | ||
| 419: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND DEMYELINATING CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 2539 | ||
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS | 2539 | ||
| OTHER DISEASES OF MYELIN | 2546 | ||
| 420: MENINGITIS: BACTERIAL, VIRAL, AND OTHER | 2547 | ||
| BACTERIAL MENINGITIS | 2547 | ||
| VIRAL MENINGITIS | 2557 | ||
| OTHER MENINGITIDES | 2560 | ||
| 421: BRAIN ABSCESS AND PARAMENINGEAL INFECTIONS | 2563 | ||
| BRAIN ABSCESS | 2563 | ||
| SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS | 2565 | ||
| SUBDURAL EMPYEMA | 2566 | ||
| VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS SECONDARY TO INFECTION | 2566 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS | 2567 | ||
| 422: ACUTE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS | 2568 | ||
| SELECTED SPECIFIC VIRUSES | 2569 | ||
| 423: POLIOMYELITIS | 2571 | ||
| 424: PRION DISEASES | 2572 | ||
| 425: NUTRITIONAL AND ALCOHOL-RELATED NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS | 2574 | ||
| DEFICIENCY OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS | 2574 | ||
| DEFICIENCY OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS | 2577 | ||
| DEFICIENCY OF MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS AND NUTRIENTS | 2577 | ||
| ALCOHOL-RELATED DISORDERS | 2577 | ||
| 426: CONGENITAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS | 2578 | ||
| CONGENITAL DISORDERS | 2578 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS | 2580 | ||
| NEUROCUTANEOUS DISORDERS | 2581 | ||
| 427: AUTONOMIC DISORDERS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT | 2583 | ||
| BRAIN DISORDERS | 2584 | ||
| SPINAL CORD DISORDERS | 2584 | ||
| PERIPHERAL GANGLIONOPATHIES AND NEUROPATHIES | 2584 | ||
| 428: PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES | 2588 | ||
| APPROACH TO PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES | 2588 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNOLOGIC NEUROPATHIES | 2593 | ||
| PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROPATHIES | 2596 | ||
| VASCULITIC NEUROPATHIES | 2596 | ||
| CRITICAL ILLNESS NEUROPATHY | 2598 | ||
| DIABETIC AND OTHER METABOLIC NEUROPATHIES | 2598 | ||
| INFECTIOUS NEUROPATHIES | 2599 | ||
| TOXIC AND DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES | 2600 | ||
| 429: MUSCLE DISEASES | 2601 | ||
| SPECIFIC MUSCLE DISEASES | 2604 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY MUSCLE DISEASES | 2608 | ||
| 430: DISORDERS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION | 2609 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES | 2610 | ||
| ACQUIRED NEUROMYOTONIA | 2614 | ||
| GENETIC MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES | 2615 | ||
| SECTION XXVI: EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISEASES | 2617 | ||
| 431: DISEASES OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM | 2618 | ||
| COMMON CLINICAL CONDITIONS | 2619 | ||
| INFECTIOUS EYE DISORDERS | 2626 | ||
| STRUCTURAL AND AGE-RELATED DISORDERS | 2628 | ||
| SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH OCULAR SYMPTOMS DURING ADULTHOOD | 2630 | ||
| VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES OF THE EYE | 2630 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS | 2631 | ||
| GENETICALLY DETERMINED DISEASES THAT MAY BECOME SYMPTOMATIC DURING ADULTHOOD | 2632 | ||
| COMMON PEDIATRIC OR ADOLESCENT DISEASES THAT MAY PERSIST INTO ADULTHOOD | 2633 | ||
| TUMORS OF THE EYE | 2633 | ||
| OCULAR EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC MEDICATIONS | 2634 | ||
| 432: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY | 2635 | ||
| VISION | 2635 | ||
| PUPILLARY CONTROL | 2637 | ||
| OCULOMOTOR CONTROL | 2638 | ||
| 433: DISEASES OF THE MOUTH AND SALIVARY GLANDS | 2641 | ||
| ORAL MUCOSAL DISEASES | 2641 | ||
| ORAL SOFT TISSUE TUMORS | 2644 | ||
| SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES | 2645 | ||
| 434: APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH NOSE, SINUS, AND EAR DISORDERS | 2647 | ||
| NASAL AND SINUS COMPLAINTS | 2647 | ||
| EAR PAIN | 2650 | ||
| 435: SMELL AND TASTE | 2652 | ||
| 436: HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM | 2653 | ||
| DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM | 2653 | ||
| 437: THROAT DISORDERS | 2661 | ||
| DISEASE OF THE PHARYNX | 2661 | ||
| SECTION XXVII: MEDICAL CONSULTATION | 2665 | ||
| 438: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL CONSULTATION | 2666 | ||
| APPROACH TO MEDICAL CONSULTATION | 2666 | ||
| SETTING-SPECIFIC CONSULTATIVE ISSUES | 2666 | ||
| STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CONSULTATION | 2667 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSULTATIVE SITUATIONS | 2667 | ||
| RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONSULTANT | 2668 | ||
| IMPACT OF CONSULTATIONS ON PATIENT OUTCOME | 2668 | ||
| 439: PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 2669 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 2669 | ||
| 440: OVERVIEW OF ANESTHESIA | 2675 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT | 2675 | ||
| ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD | 2676 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT | 2676 | ||
| GENERAL VERSUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA | 2678 | ||
| NAUSEA AND VOMITING | 2678 | ||
| 441: POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND COMPLICATIONS | 2679 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 2679 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 2680 | ||
| 442: MEDICAL CONSULTATION IN PSYCHIATRY | 2684 | ||
| HEALTH STATUS IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS | 2684 | ||
| MEDICAL EVALUATION IN PSYCHIATRIC SETTINGS | 2684 | ||
| EVALUATION OF CHIEF COMPLAINTS | 2684 | ||
| MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS OF PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENTS | 2684 | ||
| SECTION XXVIII: SKIN DISEASES | 2689 | ||
| 443: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN | 2690 | ||
| KEY FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN | 2690 | ||
| STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN | 2690 | ||
| SPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF SKIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION | 2693 | ||
| 444: EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN AND APPROACH TO DIAGNOSING SKIN DISEASES | 2695 | ||
| EXAMINATION OF THE SKIN | 2695 | ||
| DIAGNOSING SKIN DISEASES | 2696 | ||
| 445: PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY OF SKIN DISEASES | 2702 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF TOPICAL THERAPY | 2702 | ||
| ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS | 2702 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS | 2703 | ||
| ANTIPRURITIC OR ANESTHETIC AGENTS | 2704 | ||
| AGENTS THAT IMPROVE SURFACE FUNCTIONS (LUBRICATION, SCALE) | 2705 | ||
| IMMUNE THERAPIES | 2705 | ||
| OTHER THERAPIES | 2705 | ||
| 446: ECZEMAS, PHOTODERMATOSES, PAPULOSQUAMOUS (INCLUDING FUNGAL) DISEASES, AND FIGURATE ERYTHEMAS | 2706 | ||
| ECZEMA | 2706 | ||
| PHOTODERMATOSES | 2707 | ||
| PAPULOSQUAMOUS (INCLUDING FUNGAL) DISEASES | 2709 | ||
| FIGURATE ERYTHEMIAS | 2713 | ||
| 447: MACULAR, PAPULAR, VESICULOBULLOUS, AND PUSTULAR DISEASES | 2714 | ||
| MACULAR AND PAPULAR EXANTHEMS | 2714 | ||
| VESICULOBULLOUS DISEASES | 2717 | ||
| PUSTULAR ERUPTIONS | 2722 | ||
| 448: URTICARIA, DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY RASHES, NODULES AND TUMORS, AND ATROPHIC DISEASES | 2724 | ||
| URTICARIA | 2724 | ||
| DRUG RASHES | 2726 | ||
| BENIGN PAPULES, NODULES, AND TUMORS | 2728 | ||
| ATROPHIC AND SCLEROTIC LESIONS | 2734 | ||
| 449: INFECTIONS, HYPER- AND HYPOPIGMENTATION, REGIONAL DERMATOLOGY, AND DISTINCTIVE LESIONS IN BLACK SKIN | 2736 | ||
| INFECTIONS, INCLUDING CELLULITIS | 2736 | ||
| DISORDERS OF HYPOPIGMENTATION AND HYPERPIGMENTATION | 2739 | ||
| DISTINCTIVE LESIONS IN BLACK SKIN | 2741 | ||
| REGIONAL DERMATOSES | 2741 | ||
| 450: DISEASES OF HAIR AND NAILS | 2743 | ||
| HAIR DISORDERS | 2743 | ||
| TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM | 2743 | ||
| DIFFUSE ALOPECIA | 2743 | ||
| PATCHY ALOPECIA | 2744 | ||
| HAIR DISORDERS IN CHILDREN | 2745 | ||
| RACIAL DIFFERENCES | 2746 | ||
| EXCESSIVE HAIR GROWTH | 2746 |