BOOK
Cummings Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery E-Book
Paul W. Flint | Bruce H. Haughey | John K. Niparko | Mark A. Richardson | Valerie J. Lund | K. Thomas Robbins | Marci M. Lesperance | J. Regan Thomas
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Through four editions, Cummings Otolaryngology has been the world's most trusted source for comprehensive guidance on all facets of head and neck surgery. This 5th Edition - edited by Paul W. Flint, Bruce H. Haughey, Valerie J. Lund, John K. Niparko, Mark A. Richardson, K. Thomas Robbins, and J. Regan Thomas – equips you to implement all the newest discoveries, techniques, and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes. You'll find new chapters on benign neoplasms, endoscopic DCR, head and neck ultrasound, and trends in surgical technology... a new section on rhinology... and coverage of hot topics such as Botox. Plus, your purchase includes access to the complete contents of this encyclopedic reference online, with video clips of key index cases!
- Overcome virtually any clinical challenge with detailed, expert coverage of every area of head and neck surgery, authored by hundreds of leading luminaries in the field.
- See clinical problems as they present in practice with 3,200 images - many new to this edition.
- Consult the complete contents of this encyclopedic reference online, with video clips of key index cases!
- Stay current with new chapters on benign neoplasms, endoscopic DCR, head and neck ultrasound, and trends in surgical technology... a new section on rhinology... and coverage of hot topics including Botox.
- Get fresh perspectives from a new editorial board and many new contributors.
- Find what you need faster through a streamlined format, reorganized chapters, and a color design that expedites reference.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| e9780323052832v1.pdf | 1 | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, FIFTH EDITION | 1 | ||
| Front cover | 1 | ||
| Half title page | 2 | ||
| Title page | 4 | ||
| Copyright page | 5 | ||
| Contributors | 6 | ||
| Preface | 30 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 32 | ||
| Table of contents | 36 | ||
| Part 1 | 44 | ||
| Chapter 1: Genetics and Otolaryngology | 46 | ||
| Key Points | 46 | ||
| The Genome | 46 | ||
| DNA Structure and the Genetic Code | 47 | ||
| Gene Structure and Expression | 47 | ||
| The Molecular Basis of Patterns of Inheritance | 47 | ||
| Chromosomal Disorders | 47 | ||
| Aneuploidies | 48 | ||
| Chromosomal Rearrangements | 48 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders | 49 | ||
| Dominant Disorders | 49 | ||
| Recessive Disorders | 49 | ||
| Penetrance and Expressivity | 50 | ||
| Oligogenic Disorders | 51 | ||
| Testing Human DNA | 51 | ||
| Ethical Issues | 52 | ||
| The Utility of Molecular Genetics in Otolaryngology | 53 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 53 | ||
| Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy | 54 | ||
| Key Points | 54 | ||
| Fundamentals of Molecular Biology | 54 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 55 | ||
| Methods of Delivering Gene Therapy | 58 | ||
| Why Gene Therapy? | 63 | ||
| Applications of Somatic Gene Therapy in Otolaryngology | 63 | ||
| Conclusion | 67 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 67 | ||
| Chapter 3: Laser Surgery: Basic Principles and Safety Considerations | 68 | ||
| Key Points | 68 | ||
| History of Lasers | 68 | ||
| What Is a Laser? | 69 | ||
| Control of the Surgical Laser | 69 | ||
| Tissue Effects | 71 | ||
| Laser Types and Applications | 73 | ||
| Pulse Structure | 76 | ||
| Safety Considerations | 77 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 80 | ||
| Chapter 4A: Surgical Robotics in Otolaryngology | 81 | ||
| Key Points | 81 | ||
| History of Robotics | 81 | ||
| Definitions | 81 | ||
| History of Medical Robotics | 82 | ||
| Robotic Applications in Otolaryngology | 82 | ||
| Future Directions | 86 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 87 | ||
| Chapter 4B: Simulation and Haptics in Otolaryngology Training | 88 | ||
| Key Points | 88 | ||
| Endoscopic Sinus Surgery | 89 | ||
| Temporal Bone Surgery | 92 | ||
| Conclusion | 93 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 93 | ||
| Chapter 5: Outcomes Research | 95 | ||
| Key Points | 95 | ||
| History | 95 | ||
| Key Terms and Concepts | 96 | ||
| Fundamentals of Study Design | 97 | ||
| Measurement of Clinical Outcomes | 98 | ||
| Examples of Outcomes Measures | 99 | ||
| Disease-Specific Scales | 99 | ||
| Summary and Future Directions | 101 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 101 | ||
| Chapter 6: Interpreting Medical Data | 102 | ||
| Key Points | 102 | ||
| The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Data Users | 102 | ||
| Popular Statistical Tests Used by Otolaryngologists | 113 | ||
| Common Statistical Deceptions | 115 | ||
| The Importance of Principles | 117 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 118 | ||
| Chapter 7: Evidence-Based Performance Measurement | 119 | ||
| Key Points | 119 | ||
| Motivation for Physician Performance Measurement | 119 | ||
| What Is Quality and Who Defines It? | 119 | ||
| The Process of Building a Coherent System of Performance Measurement | 120 | ||
| Medical Professionalism—The Physician-Patient Relationship | 121 | ||
| Other Stakeholder Perspectives | 125 | ||
| Barriers to Implementation of Performance Measurement | 132 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 132 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 132 | ||
| Part 2 | 134 | ||
| Chapter 8: History, Physical Examination, and the Preoperative Evaluation | 136 | ||
| Key Points | 136 | ||
| Gathering a Patient History | 137 | ||
| Physical Examination | 137 | ||
| Neurologic Examination | 144 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 144 | ||
| Conclusion | 150 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 150 | ||
| Chapter 9: General Considerations of Anesthesia and Management of the Difficult Airway | 151 | ||
| Key Points | 151 | ||
| Difficult Airway/Intubation: A Multispecialty Problem | 151 | ||
| Standard Anesthetic Pharmacology | 154 | ||
| Difficult Airway/Intubation: Advances in Airway Devices and Techniques | 156 | ||
| The Johns Hopkins Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Airway Management Initiative and Formation of a Hospital-Wide Airway Service | 158 | ||
| Difficult Airway/Intubation: Documentation and Dissemination of Critical Airway Information to Patients | 161 | ||
| Case-Based Learning: Case Presentations of Difficult Airway/Intubation Patients | 162 | ||
| Case-Based Learning: Case Presentations of Catastrophic Events In The Operating Room and the Role of the OLHN Surgeon | 162 | ||
| Conclusion | 163 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 163 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 163 | ||
| Chapter 10: Surgical Management of the Difficult Adult Airway | 164 | ||
| Key Points | 164 | ||
| Awake Fiberoptic Nasotracheal Intubation | 165 | ||
| Fiberoptic Intubation of the Conscious Patient | 166 | ||
| Nasotracheal Intubation of the Awake Patient | 167 | ||
| Avoiding Failure in Fiberoptic Awake Intubation | 168 | ||
| Operative Surgical Airway Options | 168 | ||
| Cricothyrotomy | 169 | ||
| Transtracheal Needle Ventilation | 171 | ||
| Conclusion | 172 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 172 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 172 | ||
| Chapter 11: Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of the Head and Neck | 173 | ||
| Key Points | 173 | ||
| Available Imaging Modalities | 173 | ||
| Applications of CT, MRI, and Ultrasound in the Head and Neck | 181 | ||
| FDG-PET Applications in Head And Neck Cancer | 187 | ||
| Principles of Image Interpretation | 187 | ||
| Imaging Anatomy, Site-Specific Lesions, and Pseudotumors of Head and Neck | 189 | ||
| Sinuses and Skull Base | 210 | ||
| Postoperative Neck and Face | 216 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 219 | ||
| Chapter 12: Odontogenic Infections | 220 | ||
| Key Points | 220 | ||
| Microbiology of Odontogenic Infections | 220 | ||
| Implications of Microbiology for Antibiotic Therapy | 221 | ||
| Natural History of Odontogenic Infections | 221 | ||
| Direction of Spread of Infection | 222 | ||
| Fascial Space Involvement | 223 | ||
| Management of Odontogenic Infections | 230 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 233 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 233 | ||
| Chapter 13: Pharyngitis in Adults | 234 | ||
| Key Points | 234 | ||
| Bacterial Infection | 234 | ||
| Viral Infection | 239 | ||
| Fungal Infection | 242 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 243 | ||
| Chapter 14: Deep Neck Space Infections | 244 | ||
| Key Points | 244 | ||
| Etiology | 244 | ||
| Microbiology | 244 | ||
| Anatomy | 244 | ||
| Neck Spaces | 245 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 246 | ||
| Laboratory Evaluation | 247 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 247 | ||
| Treatment | 248 | ||
| Selected Complications of Deep Neck Infections | 250 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 251 | ||
| Chapter 15: Head and Neck Manifestations in the Immunocompromised Host | 252 | ||
| Key Points | 252 | ||
| Spectrum of Immunosuppression | 252 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | 253 | ||
| Immunosuppression and Malignancy | 255 | ||
| Salivary Gland Disease | 260 | ||
| Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Immunosuppressed Patients | 261 | ||
| Sinonasal Infection | 262 | ||
| Otologic and Neurotologic Manifestations of Immunosuppression | 264 | ||
| Neuropathies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 266 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 268 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Facial Lipoatrophy | 270 | ||
| Summary | 271 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 271 | ||
| Chapter 16: Special Considerations in Managing Geriatric Patients | 273 | ||
| Key Points | 273 | ||
| Magnitude | 273 | ||
| Basic Principles of Geriatric Medicine | 273 | ||
| Access to Medical Care | 274 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 274 | ||
| Treatment | 274 | ||
| End-of-Life Care | 274 | ||
| The Aging Ear | 274 | ||
| The Aging Nose | 277 | ||
| The Aging Voice and the Upper Aerodigestive Tract | 277 | ||
| Presbyphagia | 280 | ||
| Facial Trauma | 280 | ||
| Head and Neck Oncology | 280 | ||
| Conclusion | 281 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 281 | ||
| Chapter 17: Pain Management in the Head and Neck Patient | 282 | ||
| Key Points | 282 | ||
| Pain Defined | 282 | ||
| Measurement of Pain | 282 | ||
| Acute Pain Management | 283 | ||
| Chronic Pain | 285 | ||
| Headache | 289 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 291 | ||
| Chapter 18: Sleep Apnea and Sleep Disorders | 293 | ||
| Key Points | 293 | ||
| Historical Perspectives | 294 | ||
| Classification of Obstructive Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders | 294 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 295 | ||
| Consequences of Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 295 | ||
| Diagnosis | 296 | ||
| Treatment | 298 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 304 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 304 | ||
| Conclusion | 309 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 309 | ||
| Part 3 | 310 | ||
| Chapter 19: Aesthetic Facial Analysis | 312 | ||
| Key Points | 312 | ||
| Anatomic Landmarks and Reference Points | 312 | ||
| Facial Proportions | 312 | ||
| Subunit Analysis | 312 | ||
| Computer Imaging and Digital Photography | 320 | ||
| Chapter 20: Recognition and Treatment of Skin Lesions | 324 | ||
| Key Points | 324 | ||
| Epidermal Neoplasms | 324 | ||
| Melanocytic Neoplasms | 329 | ||
| Cysts | 332 | ||
| Vascular Neoplasms | 333 | ||
| Telangiectasia | 334 | ||
| Fibroadnexal Tumors | 334 | ||
| Treatment Methods and Biopsy Techniques | 336 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 337 | ||
| Chapter 21: Scar Revision and Camouflage | 338 | ||
| Key Points | 338 | ||
| Indications for Revision | 338 | ||
| Excision | 338 | ||
| Expansion with Excision | 339 | ||
| Irregularization | 341 | ||
| Dermabrasion | 341 | ||
| Steroids | 342 | ||
| Silicone Sheeting | 343 | ||
| Adjunctive Procedures | 344 | ||
| Chapter 22: Facial Trauma: Soft Tissue Lacerations and Burns | 345 | ||
| Key Points | 345 | ||
| Etiology | 345 | ||
| Approach to Traumatic Injuries | 345 | ||
| Types of Injuries | 349 | ||
| Special Considerations in Repair of Specific Structures | 350 | ||
| Burns | 357 | ||
| Special Considerations | 359 | ||
| Conclusion | 359 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 360 | ||
| Chapter 23: Maxillofacial Trauma | 361 | ||
| Key Points | 361 | ||
| Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology | 362 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnosis | 366 | ||
| Classification Schema | 369 | ||
| Management | 370 | ||
| Bone Healing | 373 | ||
| Biomechanics of the Facial Skeleton | 374 | ||
| Fracture Repair | 376 | ||
| CSF Rhinorrhea | 377 | ||
| Complications | 382 | ||
| Future Directions and New Horizons | 383 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 383 | ||
| Chapter 24: Reconstruction of Facial Defects | 385 | ||
| Key Points | 385 | ||
| Classification of Local Flaps | 385 | ||
| Pivotal Flaps | 386 | ||
| Advancement Flaps | 388 | ||
| Hinge Flaps | 389 | ||
| Defects of the Nose | 389 | ||
| Defects of the Lip | 393 | ||
| Reconstruction of Cheek Defects | 398 | ||
| Forehead Defects | 402 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 406 | ||
| Chapter 25: Nasal Reconstruction | 407 | ||
| Key Points | 407 | ||
| External Covering Layer | 407 | ||
| Framework | 410 | ||
| Internal Lining | 414 | ||
| Summary | 415 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 415 | ||
| Chapter 26: Hair Restoration: Medical and Surgical Techniques | 416 | ||
| Key Points | 416 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 416 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 419 | ||
| Patient Counseling | 419 | ||
| Medical Management | 419 | ||
| Surgical Management | 421 | ||
| Alternatives and Future Treatment Options | 430 | ||
| Summary | 431 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 432 | ||
| Chapter 27: Management of Aging Skin | 433 | ||
| Key Points | 433 | ||
| Histologic Changes of Aging Skin | 433 | ||
| Patient Evaluation, Classification, and Selection | 434 | ||
| Contraindications | 434 | ||
| Chemical Peels | 434 | ||
| Dermabrasion | 440 | ||
| Laser Resurfacing | 442 | ||
| Aesthetician’s Role in the Management of Aging Skin | 445 | ||
| Nonablative Facial Resurfacing | 445 | ||
| Microdermabrasion | 445 | ||
| Superficial Chemical Peels | 446 | ||
| Medical Skin Care Regimens | 446 | ||
| Summary | 447 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 447 | ||
| Chapter 28: Rhytidectomy | 448 | ||
| Key Points | 448 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 448 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 451 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 453 | ||
| Complications | 463 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 470 | ||
| Chapter 29: Rejuvenation of the Aging Brow and Forehead | 471 | ||
| Key Points | 471 | ||
| Proportions of the Aesthetic Brow and Forehead | 471 | ||
| The Aging Brow and Forehead | 471 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 475 | ||
| Postoperative Care Principles | 477 | ||
| Results (Before and After Photos) | 477 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 481 | ||
| Chapter 30: Blepharoplasty | 482 | ||
| Key Points | 482 | ||
| Anatomy | 482 | ||
| Aesthetic Considerations and Ideals in the Periorbital Area | 487 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 490 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 490 | ||
| Adjunctive Procedures | 494 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 494 | ||
| Chapter 31: Liposuction | 495 | ||
| Key Points | 495 | ||
| Patient Selection | 495 | ||
| Instrumentation | 496 | ||
| Technique | 498 | ||
| Summary | 502 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 503 | ||
| Chapter 32: Mentoplasty and Facial Implants | 504 | ||
| Key Points | 504 | ||
| Mentoplasty | 504 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 504 | ||
| Chin Deformities | 508 | ||
| Procedure Selection | 508 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 508 | ||
| Clinical Examples | 513 | ||
| Complications | 513 | ||
| Summary | 517 | ||
| Chapter 33: Otoplasty | 518 | ||
| Key Points | 518 | ||
| History | 518 | ||
| Incidence | 519 | ||
| Etiology | 519 | ||
| Anatomy and Embryology | 519 | ||
| Cartilage-Cutting versus Cartilage-Sparing Techniques | 520 | ||
| Graduated-Approach Otoplasty | 520 | ||
| Other Otoplasty Techniques | 521 | ||
| Complications | 521 | ||
| Summary | 522 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 523 | ||
| Chapter 34: The Nasal Septum | 524 | ||
| Key Points | 524 | ||
| Anatomy and Embryology of the Nose | 525 | ||
| Nasal Obstruction | 526 | ||
| Nasal Physiology (Resistance and Airflow) | 528 | ||
| Septoplasty Technique and Evolution | 530 | ||
| Septoplasty Today | 531 | ||
| Conclusion | 537 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 537 | ||
| Chapter 35: Nasal Fractures | 539 | ||
| Key Points | 539 | ||
| Anatomy | 539 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 540 | ||
| Classification | 541 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 542 | ||
| Management | 543 | ||
| Technique | 545 | ||
| Pediatric Nasal Fractures | 549 | ||
| Complications | 550 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 550 | ||
| Chapter 36: Rhinoplasty | 551 | ||
| Key Points | 551 | ||
| Surgical Philosophy | 551 | ||
| Preoperative Patient Assessment | 551 | ||
| Surgical Refinement of the Nasal Tip | 562 | ||
| Surgery of the Cartilaginous Vault | 579 | ||
| Surgery of the Bony Vault | 583 | ||
| Postsurgical Considerations | 585 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 586 | ||
| Chapter 37: Special Rhinoplasty Techniques | 588 | ||
| Key Points | 588 | ||
| Analysis | 588 | ||
| Septal and Columella Modifications | 589 | ||
| Nasofrontal Angle Modifications | 591 | ||
| Tip and Alar Asymmetries | 592 | ||
| The Twisted Nose | 594 | ||
| Saddle Nose Deformity | 597 | ||
| The Noncaucasian Nose | 599 | ||
| The Cleft-Lip Nose | 600 | ||
| Summary | 602 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 609 | ||
| Chapter 38: Noncaucasian Rhinoplasty | 611 | ||
| Key Points | 611 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 611 | ||
| Aesthetic Considerations | 612 | ||
| Augmentation Rhinoplasty | 612 | ||
| Hump Reduction | 613 | ||
| Correction of a Deviated Nose | 616 | ||
| Tip Surgery | 616 | ||
| Alar Base Modification | 620 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 621 | ||
| Complications | 621 | ||
| Conclusion | 621 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 622 | ||
| Chapter 39: Revision Rhinoplasty | 623 | ||
| Key Points | 623 | ||
| Patient Interview | 623 | ||
| Photography | 624 | ||
| Physical Examination | 624 | ||
| Computer Imaging | 624 | ||
| General Considerations | 625 | ||
| Grafting Material | 626 | ||
| Analysis and Treatment of Specific Deformities | 627 | ||
| Conclusion | 637 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 637 | ||
| Part 4 | 638 | ||
| Chapter 40: Immunology of the Upper Airway and Pathophysiology and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis | 640 | ||
| Key Points | 640 | ||
| Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity | 640 | ||
| Innate Immune System | 641 | ||
| Adaptive Immunity: Cells of the Immune System and Their Responses | 642 | ||
| Lymphoid Organs | 648 | ||
| Antigen Presentation | 649 | ||
| Humoral Immune Response | 649 | ||
| Immunopathology | 651 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 655 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Allergic Rhinitis | 657 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnosis | 660 | ||
| Therapeutic Options | 662 | ||
| Combination Treatments | 665 | ||
| General Treatment Planning | 665 | ||
| Conclusion | 666 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 666 | ||
| Chapter 41: Physiology of Olfaction | 667 | ||
| Key Points | 667 | ||
| Anatomy of Olfactory Stimulation | 667 | ||
| Olfactory Transduction and Coding | 672 | ||
| Olfactory Cognition | 673 | ||
| Stimulation and Measurement of Olfaction | 674 | ||
| Factors Affecting Olfactory Testing | 675 | ||
| Clinical Olfactory Problems | 676 | ||
| Summary | 682 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 682 | ||
| Chapter 42: Evaluation of Nasal Breathing Function with Objective Airway Testing | 683 | ||
| Key Points | 683 | ||
| Nasal Breathing Function | 683 | ||
| Assessment of Nasal Breathing Function | 685 | ||
| Acoustic Rhinometry | 687 | ||
| Rhinomanometry | 688 | ||
| Sources of Variability in Objective Nasal Airway Testing | 694 | ||
| Role of Objective Testing of the Nasal Airway | 694 | ||
| The Use of Objective Assessment of the Nasal Airway in the Clinical Evaluation of the Patient with the Symptom of Nasal Obstruction | 695 | ||
| Conclusions | 699 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 699 | ||
| Chapter 43: Nasal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases | 700 | ||
| Key Points | 700 | ||
| Granulomatous Disease | 700 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 702 | ||
| Immunodeficiency Diseases | 703 | ||
| Cutaneous Diseases | 703 | ||
| Mucociliary Diseases | 704 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 704 | ||
| Chapter 44: Radiology of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses | 705 | ||
| Key Points | 705 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 705 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 707 | ||
| Ostiomeatal Unit and Sinus Physiology | 707 | ||
| Interpretation of Images | 713 | ||
| Radiologic Appearances of Inflammatory Sinus Disease | 715 | ||
| Complications of Inflammatory Sinus Disease | 719 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation of Patients after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery | 720 | ||
| Image-Guided Surgery | 723 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 724 | ||
| Chapter 45: Epistaxis | 725 | ||
| Key Points | 725 | ||
| Vascular Anatomy | 725 | ||
| Management | 727 | ||
| Summary | 735 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 736 | ||
| Chapter 46: Nonallergic Rhinitis | 737 | ||
| Key Points | 737 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 738 | ||
| Classification | 739 | ||
| History and Diagnosis | 742 | ||
| Treatment of Nonallergic Rhinitis | 742 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 745 | ||
| Chapter 47: The Pathogenesis of Rhinosinusitis | 746 | ||
| Key Points | 746 | ||
| Definitions of Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis | 746 | ||
| Acute Rhinosinusitis | 747 | ||
| Chronic Rhinosinusitis | 748 | ||
| Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis | 750 | ||
| Summary | 750 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 751 | ||
| Chapter 48: Fungal Rhinosinusitis | 752 | ||
| Key Points | 752 | ||
| Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis | 752 | ||
| Fungus Balls of the Paranasal Sinuses | 755 | ||
| Saprophytic Fungal Infection | 755 | ||
| Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis | 755 | ||
| Nonallergic Eosinophilic Fungal Rhinosinusitis | 758 | ||
| Conclusion | 759 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 759 | ||
| Chapter 49: Benign Tumors of the Sinonasal Tract | 760 | ||
| Key Points | 760 | ||
| Inverted Papilloma | 761 | ||
| Juvenile Angiofibroma | 764 | ||
| Osteoma | 766 | ||
| Lobular Capillary Hemangioma | 768 | ||
| Ossifying Fibroma and Fibrous Dysplasia | 768 | ||
| Schwannoma | 769 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 770 | ||
| Chapter 50: Medical Management of Nasosinus Infectious and Inflammatory Disease | 771 | ||
| Key Points | 771 | ||
| Diagnosis | 771 | ||
| Predisposing Factors | 773 | ||
| Treatment | 776 | ||
| Special Considerations | 780 | ||
| Conclusion | 780 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 780 | ||
| Chapter 51: Primary Sinus Surgery | 782 | ||
| Key Points | 782 | ||
| Anatomy | 782 | ||
| Indications for Primary Sinus Surgery | 784 | ||
| Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Rhinosinusitis | 785 | ||
| External Procedures | 799 | ||
| Conclusions | 800 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 800 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 800 | ||
| Chapter 52: Concepts of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Causes of Failure | 802 | ||
| Key Points | 802 | ||
| Extent of Surgery | 803 | ||
| Surgical Indications in Inflammatory Disease | 803 | ||
| Surgical Indications for Tumors, Skull Base Defects, and Other Noninflammatory Lesions | 805 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation and Management | 806 | ||
| Concepts of Antrostomy | 807 | ||
| Ethmoidectomy | 809 | ||
| Sphenoidotomy | 810 | ||
| Frontal Sinusotomy | 811 | ||
| Turbinate Management | 814 | ||
| Computer-Assisted Navigation and Intraoperative Imaging | 815 | ||
| Postoperative Medical Management and Débridement | 816 | ||
| Conclusion | 817 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 817 | ||
| Chapter 53: Management of the Frontal Sinuses | 818 | ||
| Key Points | 818 | ||
| Acute Frontal Sinusitis | 818 | ||
| Chronic Frontal Sinus Disease | 818 | ||
| Specific Pathologic Conditions | 826 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 827 | ||
| Chapter 54: Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea | 828 | ||
| Key Points | 828 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 829 | ||
| Classification | 829 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 829 | ||
| Diagnosis | 831 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 831 | ||
| History | 832 | ||
| Physical Examination | 832 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 832 | ||
| Management | 834 | ||
| Conclusions | 838 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 838 | ||
| Chapter 55: Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy | 840 | ||
| Key Points | 840 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 840 | ||
| Evaluation | 840 | ||
| Surgical Technique (Video clip available on website.) | 841 | ||
| Outcomes | 844 | ||
| Revision Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy | 844 | ||
| Complications | 844 | ||
| Conclusions | 844 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 844 | ||
| Part 5 | 846 | ||
| Chapter 56: Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Function | 848 | ||
| Key Points | 848 | ||
| Laryngeal Motion | 848 | ||
| Laryngeal Function in Breathing | 850 | ||
| Pharyngeal Function in Breathing | 852 | ||
| Function in Speech | 853 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 855 | ||
| Chapter 57: Visualization of the Larynx | 856 | ||
| Key Points | 856 | ||
| Endoscopes | 856 | ||
| Videoendoscopy and Stroboscopy | 857 | ||
| High-Speed Digital Imaging | 864 | ||
| Narrow-Band Imaging | 866 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 867 | ||
| Chapter 58: Voice Evaluation | 868 | ||
| Key Points | 868 | ||
| Patient Scales | 868 | ||
| Perceptual Evaluation | 869 | ||
| Diagnostic Therapy | 874 | ||
| Summary | 874 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 874 | ||
| Chapter 59: Neurologic Evaluation of the Larynx and Pharynx | 875 | ||
| Key Points | 875 | ||
| Normal Function | 876 | ||
| Neurologic Examination of the Mouth, Larynx, and Pharynx | 876 | ||
| Ancillary Tests | 877 | ||
| Performance Measures | 878 | ||
| Summary | 879 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 879 | ||
| Chapter 60: Neurologic Disorders of the Larynx | 880 | ||
| Key Points | 880 | ||
| Laryngologic Manifestations of Neurologic Diseases | 880 | ||
| Hyperfunctional Disorders | 881 | ||
| Hypofunctional Disorders | 885 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 886 | ||
| Chapter 61: The Professional Voice | 887 | ||
| Key Points | 887 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 888 | ||
| Voice Production | 889 | ||
| Laryngeal Stroboscopy | 890 | ||
| Voice Analysis | 892 | ||
| Evaluation | 893 | ||
| Problems in Singers | 895 | ||
| Performance Cancellation | 897 | ||
| Management | 897 | ||
| Related Surgical Procedures | 900 | ||
| Conclusion | 901 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 901 | ||
| Chapter 62: Benign Vocal Fold Mucosal Disorders | 902 | ||
| Key Points | 902 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 903 | ||
| Evaluation of the Patient: General Principles | 903 | ||
| General Management Options | 905 | ||
| Voice Therapy | 906 | ||
| Surgery | 906 | ||
| Specific Benign Vocal Fold Mucosal Disorders | 908 | ||
| Summary | 919 | ||
| Saccular Disorders | 919 | ||
| Benign Mesenchymal Neoplasms | 921 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 925 | ||
| Chapter 63: Acute and Chronic Laryngitis | 926 | ||
| Key Points | 926 | ||
| Why Does Laryngitis Matter? | 926 | ||
| Acute Laryngitis | 926 | ||
| Chronic Laryngitis | 928 | ||
| The Larynx as an Immunologic Organ | 929 | ||
| Conclusion | 930 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 930 | ||
| Chapter 64: Laryngeal and Tracheal Manifestations of Systemic Disease | 932 | ||
| Key Points | 932 | ||
| Wegener’s Granulomatosis | 932 | ||
| Relapsing Polychondritis | 933 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 933 | ||
| Amyloidosis | 934 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 934 | ||
| Pemphigus | 934 | ||
| Whooping Cough | 935 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 935 | ||
| Histoplasmosis | 935 | ||
| Blastomycosis | 935 | ||
| Cryptococcosis | 935 | ||
| Coccidioidomycosis | 936 | ||
| Actinomycosis | 936 | ||
| Candidiasis | 936 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 936 | ||
| Chapter 65: Upper Aerodigestive Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 937 | ||
| Key Points | 937 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 937 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 939 | ||
| Impedance Testing | 943 | ||
| Treatment | 943 | ||
| Otolaryngologic Disorders Associated with Extraesophageal Reflux | 944 | ||
| Conclusion | 946 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 946 | ||
| Chapter 66: Medialization Thyroplasty | 947 | ||
| Key Points | 947 | ||
| Historical Aspects | 947 | ||
| Vocal Fold Medialization | 947 | ||
| Management of Glottal Insufficiency Associated with Unilateral Vocal Fold Motion Impairment and Soft Tissue Deficits | 948 | ||
| Patient Evaluation and Selection | 948 | ||
| Vocal Fold Medialization by Injection | 948 | ||
| Medialization Thyroplasty | 951 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 954 | ||
| Chapter 67: Arytenoid Adduction | 955 | ||
| Key Points | 955 | ||
| Operative Technique | 957 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 959 | ||
| Arytenoid Abduction for Bilateral Paralysis | 959 | ||
| Future Directions | 959 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 959 | ||
| Chapter 68: Laryngeal Reinnervation | 960 | ||
| Key Points | 960 | ||
| Physiologic and Anatomic Issues in Laryngeal Reinnervation | 961 | ||
| Effects of Denervation | 962 | ||
| Restoration of Function | 962 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 967 | ||
| Chapter 69: Chronic Aspiration | 968 | ||
| Key Points | 968 | ||
| Etiology | 968 | ||
| Symptoms | 968 | ||
| Evaluation | 969 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 969 | ||
| Tracheotomy | 970 | ||
| Vocal Cord Medialization | 970 | ||
| Surgery | 970 | ||
| Summary | 975 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 975 | ||
| Chapter 70: Laryngeal and Esophageal Trauma | 976 | ||
| Key Points | 976 | ||
| Mechanisms of Injury | 976 | ||
| Laryngeal Trauma | 976 | ||
| Esophageal Trauma | 984 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 985 | ||
| Chapter 71: Surgical Management of Upper Airway Stenosis | 986 | ||
| Key Points | 986 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 986 | ||
| Classification of Stenosis | 987 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 987 | ||
| Surgical Management of Chronic Stenosis | 990 | ||
| Conclusion | 995 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 995 | ||
| Chapter 72: The Esophagus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases | 996 | ||
| Key Points | 996 | ||
| Normal Esophageal Anatomy and Physiology | 996 | ||
| Esophageal Symptom Assessment | 997 | ||
| Esophageal Testing | 999 | ||
| Esophageal Disease States Causing Dysphagia | 1006 | ||
| Other Esophageal Disease States | 1011 | ||
| Esophageal Manifestations of Systemic Disease | 1021 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 73: Transnasal Esophagoscopy | 1024 | ||
| Key Points | 1024 | ||
| History | 1024 | ||
| Equipment | 1024 | ||
| Tolerance of Unsedated Examination | 1024 | ||
| Accuracy of Examination | 1025 | ||
| Technique | 1025 | ||
| Normal Findings | 1025 | ||
| Indications | 1026 | ||
| Procedures | 1027 | ||
| Complications | 1027 | ||
| Conclusion | 1027 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1027 | ||
| Chapter 74: Zenker’s Diverticulum | 1029 | ||
| Key Points | 1029 | ||
| Presentation | 1029 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1030 | ||
| Management | 1030 | ||
| Summary | 1040 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1040 | ||
| Chapter 75: Tracheobronchial Endoscopy | 1041 | ||
| Key Points | 1041 | ||
| Airway Anatomy and Nomenclature | 1041 | ||
| Indications and Preparations for Tracheobronchoscopy | 1042 | ||
| Rigid Bronchoscopy | 1043 | ||
| Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy | 1044 | ||
| Interventional Bronchoscopic Procedures | 1050 | ||
| Innovations and Future Developments | 1052 | ||
| Summary | 1054 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1054 | ||
| Index | 1056 | ||
| e9780323052832v2 | 1250 | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, FIFTH EDITION | 1250 | ||
| Front cover | 1250 | ||
| Half title page | 1251 | ||
| Title page | 1253 | ||
| Copyright page | 1254 | ||
| Contributors | 1255 | ||
| Preface | 1279 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 1281 | ||
| Table of contents | 1285 | ||
| Part 6 | 1293 | ||
| Chapter 76: Biology of Head and Neck Cancer | 1295 | ||
| Key Points | 1295 | ||
| Background | 1295 | ||
| Environmental Exposures and Risk Factors | 1296 | ||
| Chemoprevention | 1298 | ||
| Genetic Alterations | 1299 | ||
| Epigenetics | 1300 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor | 1302 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 1303 | ||
| Mitochondrial Mutations | 1304 | ||
| Expression Microarrays and Integrative Genomics | 1305 | ||
| Molecular Biomarkers | 1306 | ||
| Novel Fields in Cancer Research | 1307 | ||
| Conclusion | 1309 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1309 | ||
| Chapter 77: Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Radiation Physics, Radiobiology, and Clinical Principles | 1310 | ||
| Key Points | 1310 | ||
| Basic Physics | 1311 | ||
| Radiation in Conventional Medicine | 1313 | ||
| Radiobiology | 1316 | ||
| Advanced Radiation Technologies | 1323 | ||
| Radiation Side Effects | 1327 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1329 | ||
| Chapter 78: Chemotherapy and Targeted Biologic Agents for Head and Neck Cancer | 1331 | ||
| Key Points | 1331 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1331 | ||
| Combined-Modality Therapy | 1332 | ||
| Systemic Chemotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Disease | 1338 | ||
| Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer | 1341 | ||
| Summary | 1342 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1343 | ||
| Chapter 79: Skin Flap Physiology and Wound Healing | 1344 | ||
| Key Points | 1344 | ||
| Zones of Perfusion | 1344 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of Skin | 1345 | ||
| Classification of Flaps | 1347 | ||
| Physiology of Acutely Raised Flaps | 1347 | ||
| Flap Biomechanics | 1351 | ||
| Attempts to Alter Skin Flap Viability | 1352 | ||
| Prolonged Viability | 1354 | ||
| Impaired Flaps | 1355 | ||
| Wound Healing | 1355 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1358 | ||
| Chapter 80: Free Tissue Transfer | 1360 | ||
| Key Points | 1360 | ||
| Historical Perspectives | 1361 | ||
| Indications for Free Tissue Transfer | 1361 | ||
| Patient Evaluation and Preparation | 1367 | ||
| Intraoperative Management | 1372 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 1373 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 1376 | ||
| Costs and Outcomes | 1378 | ||
| Future Directions in Free Tissue Transfer | 1378 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1378 | ||
| Chapter 81: Integrating Palliative and Curative Care Strategies in the Practice of Otolaryngology | 1380 | ||
| Key Points | 1380 | ||
| Pretreatment Management | 1381 | ||
| Mucositis | 1381 | ||
| Xerostomia | 1382 | ||
| Taste Dysfunction | 1383 | ||
| Pain | 1383 | ||
| Psychological Distress | 1383 | ||
| Dysphagia and Speech Dysfunction | 1384 | ||
| Nutrition | 1384 | ||
| End of Life | 1384 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1384 | ||
| Chapter 82: The Management of Head and Neck Melanoma and Advanced Cutaneous Malignancies | 1386 | ||
| Key Points | 1386 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1387 | ||
| Etiology and Risk Factors | 1387 | ||
| Melanoma Classification | 1388 | ||
| Diagnostic Workup | 1389 | ||
| Prognostic Factors and Tumor Staging | 1390 | ||
| Surgical Management of the Primary Tumor | 1393 | ||
| Surgical Management of Regional Lymph Nodes | 1394 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 1398 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 1398 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 1398 | ||
| Follow-Up and Surveillance | 1399 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 1399 | ||
| Chapter 83: Malignancies of the Paranasal Sinus | 1401 | ||
| Key Points | 1401 | ||
| Epidemiology and Survival | 1401 | ||
| Anatomy | 1402 | ||
| Symptoms | 1403 | ||
| Physical Findings | 1403 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment | 1404 | ||
| Surgical Options | 1404 | ||
| e9780323052832v3 | 2523 | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, FIFTH EDITION | 2523 | ||
| Front cover | 2523 | ||
| Half title page | 2524 | ||
| Title page | 2526 | ||
| Copyright page | 2527 | ||
| Contributors | 2528 | ||
| Preface | 2552 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2554 | ||
| Table of contents | 2558 | ||
| Part 7 | 2558 | ||
| Chapter 146: Cochlear Transduction and the Molecular Basis of Auditory Pathology | 2566 | ||
| Key Points | 2566 | ||
| Passive Cochlear Mechanics | 2567 | ||
| Active Cochlear Mechanics | 2579 | ||
| Hair Cell Transduction | 2587 | ||
| Perilymphatic-Endolymphatic Barrier | 2598 | ||
| Endolymph Homeostasis | 2598 | ||
| Summary | 2600 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2601 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2601 | ||
| Chapter 147: Genetic Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 2603 | ||
| Key Points | 2603 | ||
| Background | 2603 | ||
| Genetic Hearing Impairment | 2606 | ||
| Syndromic Hearing Impairment | 2610 | ||
| PATIENT MANAGEMENT | 2614 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 2616 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2616 | ||
| Chapter 148: Otologic Manifestations of Systemic Disease | 2617 | ||
| Key Points | 2617 | ||
| Granulomatous and Infectious Diseases | 2617 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 2623 | ||
| Diseases of the Bone | 2625 | ||
| Storage and Metabolic Diseases | 2629 | ||
| Collagen Vascular and Autoimmune Diseases | 2631 | ||
| Immunodeficiency Disorders | 2631 | ||
| Genetically Determined Defects | 2632 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2632 | ||
| Chapter 149: Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults | 2633 | ||
| Key Points | 2633 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation of the Patient with Hearing Loss | 2633 | ||
| Etiology of Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 2634 | ||
| Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 2644 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2647 | ||
| Chapter 150: Tinnitus and Hyperacusis | 2648 | ||
| Key Points | 2648 | ||
| Tinnitus | 2648 | ||
| Hyperacusis | 2655 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2656 | ||
| Chapter 151: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | 2657 | ||
| Key Points | 2657 | ||
| Measurement of Noise | 2657 | ||
| Nature of the Hearing Loss | 2658 | ||
| Cochlear Damage | 2658 | ||
| Research on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | 2660 | ||
| Anatomic Mechanisms Underlying Noise Damage | 2660 | ||
| New Knowledge about Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | 2661 | ||
| Early Detection of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | 2663 | ||
| Interactive Effects | 2664 | ||
| Other Adverse Effects Caused by Noise | 2665 | ||
| Legal Issues | 2666 | ||
| Role of the Otolaryngologist | 2667 | ||
| Summary | 2668 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2668 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2669 | ||
| Chapter 152: Infections of the Labyrinth | 2670 | ||
| Key Points | 2670 | ||
| Congenital Hearing Loss | 2671 | ||
| Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 2674 | ||
| Vaccines to Prevent Hearing Loss | 2678 | ||
| Cochlear Implant Infections | 2678 | ||
| Congenital and Acquired Syphilitic Deafness | 2678 | ||
| Hearing Loss in Immunocompromised Patients | 2678 | ||
| Vestibular Neuritis | 2679 | ||
| Meniere’s Disease | 2680 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2680 | ||
| Chapter 153: Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease | 2681 | ||
| Key Points | 2681 | ||
| Definition | 2681 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2682 | ||
| Pathology and Pathogenesis | 2682 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 2682 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 2683 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2683 | ||
| Treatment | 2683 | ||
| Summary and Future Directions | 2684 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2685 | ||
| Chapter 154: Vestibular and Auditory Ototoxicity | 2686 | ||
| Key Points | 2686 | ||
| Aminoglycoside Antibiotics | 2686 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 2686 | ||
| Histopathology | 2687 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2687 | ||
| Mechanisms of Ototoxicity | 2687 | ||
| Antineoplastic Agents | 2688 | ||
| Difluoromethylornithine | 2691 | ||
| Loop Diuretics | 2691 | ||
| Analgesics | 2692 | ||
| Quinine and Related Drugs | 2693 | ||
| Erythromycin and Related Macrolide Antibiotics | 2693 | ||
| Deferoxamine | 2693 | ||
| Vancomycin | 2694 | ||
| Ototoxicity Monitoring for Hearing Loss | 2694 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2694 | ||
| Chapter 155: Pharmacologic and Molecular Therapies of the Cochlear and Vestibular Labyrinth | 2696 | ||
| Key Points | 2696 | ||
| Round Window Membrane | 2696 | ||
| Steroids | 2700 | ||
| Gentamicin | 2702 | ||
| Otoprotective Agents | 2706 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 2708 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2709 | ||
| Chapter 156: Otologic Symptoms and Syndromes | 2711 | ||
| Key Points | 2711 | ||
| Otorrhea | 2711 | ||
| Otalgia | 2714 | ||
| Aural Fullness | 2715 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 2715 | ||
| Vertigo | 2718 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2719 | ||
| Chapter 157: Implantable Hearing Aids | 2720 | ||
| Key Points | 2720 | ||
| Limitations of Auditory Rehabilitation Using Traditional Hearing Aids | 2720 | ||
| Promise of Implantable Hearing Aids | 2724 | ||
| Middle Ear Implants | 2724 | ||
| Implantable Bone-Conduction Hearing Aids | 2729 | ||
| Implantable Adjuncts to Conventional Hearing Aids | 2734 | ||
| Conclusion | 2734 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2734 | ||
| Chapter 158: Cochlear Implantation: Patient Evaluation and Device Selection | 2736 | ||
| Key Points | 2736 | ||
| General Background | 2736 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 2737 | ||
| Evaluation of Adult Cochlear Implant Candidates | 2739 | ||
| Evaluation of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Candidates | 2741 | ||
| Device Selection | 2744 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2750 | ||
| Chapter 159: Cochlear Implantation: Medical and Surgical Considerations | 2751 | ||
| Key Points | 2751 | ||
| Medical and Surgical Evaluation | 2751 | ||
| Ear Selection | 2752 | ||
| Vaccination for Meningitis | 2753 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 2754 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2758 | ||
| Chapter 160: Cochlear Implants: Results, Outcomes, Rehabilitation, and Education | 2760 | ||
| Key Points | 2760 | ||
| Results of Implantation | 2761 | ||
| Outcomes after Cochlear Implantation | 2768 | ||
| Auditory Rehabilitation after Cochlear Implantation | 2770 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2774 | ||
| Chapter 161: Central Neural Auditory Prosthesis | 2775 | ||
| Key Points | 2775 | ||
| Biocompatibility | 2776 | ||
| History of Clinical Approaches | 2776 | ||
| Indications | 2777 | ||
| Anatomy and Surgical Approaches | 2777 | ||
| Intraoperative Monitoring | 2777 | ||
| Outcomes | 2777 | ||
| Penetrating Auditory Brainstem Implant | 2779 | ||
| Outcome of Auditory Brainstem Implants in Patients without Neurofibromatosis Type 2 | 2779 | ||
| Penetrating Auditory Midbrain Implant | 2779 | ||
| Auditory Brainstem Implants in Children with Cochlear Nerve Aplasia | 2780 | ||
| Summary | 2781 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2781 | ||
| Chapter 162: Hearing Aids: Strategies of Amplification | 2782 | ||
| Key Points | 2782 | ||
| Indications for Hearing Aid Use | 2782 | ||
| Hearing Aid Technology | 2784 | ||
| Selection and Fitting Process | 2788 | ||
| Special Considerations Based on Patient Age | 2791 | ||
| Hearing Aids: Some Rules of Thumb | 2791 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2792 | ||
| Chapter 163: Principles of Applied Vestibular Physiology | 2793 | ||
| Key Points | 2793 | ||
| Principles | 2793 | ||
| Appendix | 2819 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2821 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2821 | ||
| Chapter 164: Evaluation of the Patient with Dizziness | 2822 | ||
| Key Points | 2822 | ||
| Background | 2822 | ||
| Fundamentals of Vestibular Function | 2822 | ||
| Approach to the Patient with Dizziness | 2825 | ||
| Adaptive Capabilities of the Vestibular System | 2844 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2844 | ||
| Chapter 165: Peripheral Vestibular Disorders | 2845 | ||
| Key Points | 2845 | ||
| Basic Principles of Peripheral Vestibular Physiology | 2845 | ||
| Clinical Relevance | 2846 | ||
| Historical Background | 2846 | ||
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo | 2847 | ||
| Vestibular Neuritis | 2849 | ||
| Meniere’s Disease | 2850 | ||
| Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome | 2856 | ||
| Cogan’s Syndrome | 2858 | ||
| Otosyphilis | 2858 | ||
| Perilymph Fistulas | 2859 | ||
| Trauma | 2860 | ||
| Familial Vestibulopathy | 2860 | ||
| Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction | 2861 | ||
| Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct | 2861 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2861 | ||
| Chapter 166: Central Vestibular Disorders | 2863 | ||
| Key Points | 2863 | ||
| Intracranial Complications of Otitic Infections | 2864 | ||
| Migraine | 2864 | ||
| Vestibular Disorders Associated with Migraine | 2867 | ||
| Vestibular Disorders Related to Migraine | 2867 | ||
| Vascular Disorders | 2868 | ||
| Neoplasms | 2870 | ||
| Cervical Vertigo | 2871 | ||
| Disorders of the Craniovertebral Junction | 2871 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 2873 | ||
| Cerebellar Ataxia Syndromes | 2873 | ||
| Focal Seizure Disorders | 2874 | ||
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | 2874 | ||
| Physiologic Dizziness | 2874 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2874 | ||
| Chapter 167: Surgery for Vestibular Disorders | 2876 | ||
| Key Points | 2876 | ||
| Rationale for Surgery | 2876 | ||
| Procedures for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo | 2877 | ||
| Surgery for Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence | 2878 | ||
| Repair of Perilymphatic Fistula | 2878 | ||
| Specific Operations for Meniere’s Disease | 2879 | ||
| Patient Selection in Ablative Vestibular Surgery | 2881 | ||
| Ablative Procedures for the Control of Vertigo | 2883 | ||
| Postoperative Vestibular Compensation | 2887 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2888 | ||
| Chapter 168: Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation: Program Essentials | 2889 | ||
| Key Points | 2889 | ||
| Physiologic Rationale for Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation | 2890 | ||
| Assessment of Vestibular Compensation | 2893 | ||
| Vestibular Rehabilitation: Patient Selection Criteria | 2893 | ||
| Vestibular Rehabilitation: Common Techniques | 2895 | ||
| Vestibular Rehabilitation: Expected Results | 2896 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2896 | ||
| Chapter 169: Tests of Facial Nerve Function | 2898 | ||
| Key Points | 2898 | ||
| Physical Examination | 2898 | ||
| Topognostic Tests | 2899 | ||
| Imaging | 2901 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 2901 | ||
| Electrodiagnostic Testing | 2902 | ||
| Facial Nerve Monitoring | 2904 | ||
| Unconventional Tests of Facial Nerve Function | 2905 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2906 | ||
| Chapter 170: Clinical Disorders of the Facial Nerve | 2908 | ||
| Key Points | 2908 | ||
| Bell’s Palsy: Spontaneous Idiopathic Facial Paralysis | 2908 | ||
| Incidence | 2908 | ||
| Special Cases of Facial Paralysis | 2913 | ||
| Facial Paralysis Associated with Other Conditions | 2916 | ||
| Central Facial Paralysis | 2918 | ||
| Hyperkinetic Disorders | 2918 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2918 | ||
| Chapter 171: Intratemporal Facial Nerve Surgery | 2920 | ||
| Key Points | 2920 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 2920 | ||
| General Surgical Technique | 2921 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 2922 | ||
| Nerve Repair | 2930 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2931 | ||
| Chapter 172: Rehabilitation of Facial Paralysis | 2933 | ||
| Key Points | 2933 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 2933 | ||
| Early Care of Facial Nerve Injury | 2937 | ||
| Facial Nerve Grafting | 2938 | ||
| Nerve Transposition | 2942 | ||
| Muscle Transfers | 2944 | ||
| Static Procedures | 2947 | ||
| Adjunctive Procedures | 2947 | ||
| Summary | 2949 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2949 | ||
| Chapter 173: Surgical Anatomy of the Lateral Skull Base | 2951 | ||
| Key Points | 2951 | ||
| Osseous Anatomy of the Lateral Skull Base | 2951 | ||
| Anatomy of the Middle Cranial Fossa | 2955 | ||
| Anatomy of the Posterior Cranial Fossa | 2955 | ||
| Anatomy of the Infratemporal Fossa | 2957 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2958 | ||
| Chapter 174: Surgery of the Anterior and Middle Cranial Base | 2959 | ||
| Key Points | 2959 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 2959 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | 2961 | ||
| Operative Techniques | 2965 | ||
| Reconstruction | 2984 | ||
| Postoperative Concerns | 2985 | ||
| Outcomes | 2986 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 2987 | ||
| Chapter 175: Transnasal Endoscopic-Assisted Surgery of the Anterior Skull Base | 2988 | ||
| Key Points | 2988 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 2988 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 2992 | ||
| Operative Technique | 2992 | ||
| Instrumentation | 2993 | ||
| Transnasal Surgical Approaches to the Skull Base | 2993 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 3001 | ||
| Complications | 3002 | ||
| Summary | 3002 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3002 | ||
| Chapter 176: Temporal Bone Neoplasms and Lateral Cranial Base Surgery | 3004 | ||
| Key Points | 3004 | ||
| Skull Base Anatomy | 3005 | ||
| Evaluation of Skull Base Lesions | 3006 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 3009 | ||
| Selected Problems | 3018 | ||
| Complications | 3028 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3030 | ||
| Chapter 177: Neoplasms of the Posterior Fossa | 3031 | ||
| Key Points | 3031 | ||
| Approach to Diagnosis of Neoplasms of the Posterior Fossa | 3031 | ||
| Common Cerebellopontine Angle Neoplasms | 3031 | ||
| Petrous Apex Lesions | 3041 | ||
| Miscellaneous Cerebellopontine Angle Lesions | 3043 | ||
| Intra-axial Tumors | 3045 | ||
| Surgery of the Posterior Cranial Fossa | 3046 | ||
| Selection of Surgical Approach | 3056 | ||
| Patient Management and Surgical Complications | 3057 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3058 | ||
| Chapter 178: Intraoperative Monitoring of Cranial Nerves in Neuro-otologic Surgery | 3059 | ||
| Key Points | 3059 | ||
| Neurophysiology in the Operating Room | 3059 | ||
| Facial Nerve (Seventh Nerve) Monitoring | 3062 | ||
| Other Motor Nerve Monitoring | 3066 | ||
| Cochlear Nerve (Eighth Nerve) Monitoring | 3069 | ||
| Auditory Brainstem Response Recording in the Operating Room | 3069 | ||
| Relation of Monitoring to Outcome | 3071 | ||
| Future Directions and Conclusions | 3072 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3073 | ||
| Chapter 179: Stereotactic Radiation Treatment of Benign Tumors of the Cranial Base | 3074 | ||
| Key Points | 3074 | ||
| Principles of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy | 3074 | ||
| Radiobiology | 3075 | ||
| Imaging | 3075 | ||
| Dose Selection | 3075 | ||
| Benign Tumors of the Cranial Base: Vestibular Schwannoma | 3075 | ||
| Fractionation versus Nonfractionation | 3075 | ||
| Outcome Assessment | 3076 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis 2–Related Vestibular Schwannoma | 3080 | ||
| Cystic Schwannomas | 3080 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 3080 | ||
| Treatment of Stereotactic Radiation Failures | 3081 | ||
| Quality of Life | 3081 | ||
| Jugular Foramen Schwannomas | 3082 | ||
| Paraganglioma | 3082 | ||
| Conclusions | 3083 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3083 | ||
| Part 8 | 3084 | ||
| Chapter 180: General Considerations in Pediatric Otolaryngology | 3086 | ||
| Key Points | 3086 | ||
| Respiratory System | 3086 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 3088 | ||
| Fluids and Fluid Management | 3089 | ||
| Pain Management | 3089 | ||
| Sedation | 3089 | ||
| Referral Sources | 3089 | ||
| Patients | 3090 | ||
| Parents | 3090 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 3090 | ||
| History | 3090 | ||
| Physical Examination | 3091 | ||
| Special Considerations | 3091 | ||
| A Rewarding Experience | 3092 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3092 | ||
| Chapter 181: Anatomy and Developmental Embryology of the Neck | 3094 | ||
| Key Points | 3094 | ||
| Posterior Triangle of Neck | 3094 | ||
| Anterior Triangle of Neck | 3096 | ||
| Root of Neck | 3098 | ||
| Lymphatic Drainage of Head and Neck | 3099 | ||
| Embryology of Head and Neck | 3100 | ||
| Midline Lesions of the Neck | 3103 | ||
| Summary | 3103 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3103 | ||
| Chapter 182: Anesthesia in Pediatric Otolaryngology | 3104 | ||
| Key Points | 3104 | ||
| Anesthesia for Children | 3104 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 3105 | ||
| Preparation for Anesthesia | 3105 | ||
| Anesthetic Induction | 3106 | ||
| Anesthesia Maintenance | 3108 | ||
| Emergence from Anesthesia | 3109 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 3110 | ||
| Sedation and Anesthesia Outside of the Operating Room | 3111 | ||
| Medical Conditions with Anesthetic Implications | 3111 | ||
| Anesthetic Considerations for Specific Procedures | 3114 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3117 | ||
| Chapter 183: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 3119 | ||
| Key Points | 3119 | ||
| Classification of Sleep-Related Upper Airway Obstruction | 3119 | ||
| Primary Snoring | 3119 | ||
| Symptoms and Signs of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 3120 | ||
| Complications of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 3120 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 3121 | ||
| High-Risk Groups | 3122 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3123 | ||
| Indications for Polysomnography | 3125 | ||
| Surgical Management | 3125 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 3127 | ||
| Summary | 3128 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3128 | ||
| Chapter 184: Characteristics of Normal and Abnormal Postnatal Craniofacial Growth and Development | 3130 | ||
| Key Points | 3130 | ||
| Theories of Craniofacial Growth | 3130 | ||
| Bone Growth Concepts | 3131 | ||
| Remodeling and Displacement | 3131 | ||
| Facial Changes during Normal Growth and Development | 3132 | ||
| Abnormal Facial Growth and Development | 3138 | ||
| Craniofacial Abnormalities | 3147 | ||
| Conclusions | 3153 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 3153 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3153 | ||
| Chapter 185: Craniofacial Surgery for Congenital and Acquired Deformities | 3155 | ||
| Key Points | 3155 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3155 | ||
| Mechanisms of Postnatal Facial Growth | 3156 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 3157 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 3159 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 3164 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 3166 | ||
| Conclusion | 3175 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3175 | ||
| Chapter 186: Cleft Lip and Palate | 3176 | ||
| Key Points | 3176 | ||
| Classification of Cleft Lip and Palate | 3176 | ||
| Embryology | 3176 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3178 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Cleft Team | 3181 | ||
| Nursing Care | 3181 | ||
| Anatomy | 3182 | ||
| Cleft Lip Repair and Cleft Rhinoplasty | 3184 | ||
| Cleft Palate Repair | 3185 | ||
| Special Considerations in Patients with Cleft Palate | 3190 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3192 | ||
| Chapter 187: Velopharyngeal Dysfunction | 3193 | ||
| Key Points | 3193 | ||
| Functional Anatomy | 3193 | ||
| Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction | 3195 | ||
| Causes of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction | 3195 | ||
| Assessment | 3195 | ||
| Treatment | 3197 | ||
| Conclusions | 3201 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3201 | ||
| Chapter 188: Congenital Malformations of the Nose | 3203 | ||
| Key Points | 3203 | ||
| Overview | 3203 | ||
| Developmental Errors of the Anterior Neuropore | 3203 | ||
| Developmental Errors of the Central Midface | 3207 | ||
| Developmental Errors of the Nasobuccal Membrane | 3210 | ||
| Other Mesodermal and Germline Malformations | 3212 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3213 | ||
| Chapter 189: Pediatric Facial Fractures | 3214 | ||
| Key Points | 3214 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3214 | ||
| Etiology | 3215 | ||
| Emergency Management | 3215 | ||
| Clinical and Physical Evaluation | 3216 | ||
| Radiologic Examination | 3216 | ||
| Facial Growth and Trauma | 3216 | ||
| Rigid Fixation | 3216 | ||
| Permanent versus Resorbable Plating Systems | 3217 | ||
| Maxillomandibular Fixation | 3218 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 3218 | ||
| Surgical Reconstruction | 3221 | ||
| Conclusion | 3231 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3234 | ||
| Chapter 190: Early Detection and Diagnosis of Infant Hearing Impairment | 3235 | ||
| Chapter 191: Congenital Malformations of the Inner Ear | 3243 | ||
| Key Points | 3243 | ||
| Incidence | 3244 | ||
| Classification | 3244 | ||
| Malformations Limited to the Membranous Labyrinth | 3244 | ||
| Malformations of the Membranous and Osseous Labyrinth | 3245 | ||
| Anomalies of the Eighth Nerve | 3252 | ||
| Syndromic Correlations and Familial Patterns | 3252 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage and Meningitis | 3252 | ||
| Perilymphatic Fistula | 3254 | ||
| Inner Ear Malformations in Congenital Aural Atresia | 3255 | ||
| Imaging | 3255 | ||
| Evaluation and Management | 3255 | ||
| Cochlear Implantation | 3256 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3257 | ||
| Chapter 192: Microtia Reconstruction | 3258 | ||
| Key Points | 3258 | ||
| Embryology | 3258 | ||
| Ear Anatomy | 3259 | ||
| Microtia | 3259 | ||
| Evaluation | 3259 | ||
| Planning | 3260 | ||
| Autogenous Costochondral Reconstruction | 3261 | ||
| Classic Microtia Reconstruction | 3261 | ||
| Atypical Microtia Repair | 3264 | ||
| Complications | 3265 | ||
| Conclusions | 3268 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3268 | ||
| Chapter 193: Reconstruction of the Auditory Canal and Tympanum | 3269 | ||
| Key Points | 3269 | ||
| Embryology | 3270 | ||
| Classification Systems | 3270 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 3271 | ||
| Timing of Ear Reconstructive Surgery | 3271 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Counseling | 3271 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 3271 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 3274 | ||
| Avoidance of Complications | 3275 | ||
| Surgical Alternatives to Atresiaplasty | 3276 | ||
| Summary | 3276 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3276 | ||
| Chapter 194: Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Media with Effusion | 3278 | ||
| Key Points | 3278 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3278 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis | 3279 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3282 | ||
| Prevention of Disease | 3285 | ||
| Treatment | 3287 | ||
| Surgical Issues | 3290 | ||
| Complications and Sequelae of Otitis Media | 3293 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3294 | ||
| Chapter 195: Pediatric Chronic Sinusitis | 3295 | ||
| Key Points | 3295 | ||
| Etiology | 3295 | ||
| Imaging | 3296 | ||
| Treatment | 3296 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3298 | ||
| Chapter 196: Pharyngitis and Adenotonsillar Disease | 3299 | ||
| Key Points | 3299 | ||
| History | 3299 | ||
| Anatomy | 3300 | ||
| Immunology of the Adenoids and Tonsils | 3301 | ||
| Bacteriology | 3302 | ||
| Complications of Tonsillitis | 3305 | ||
| Chronic Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy | 3307 | ||
| Diagnostic Assessment of the Tonsils and Adenoids | 3310 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 3311 | ||
| Adenotonsillectomy | 3311 | ||
| Adenoidectomy | 3312 | ||
| Adenotonsillectomy: Surgical Technique Many surgical techniques have been described for extirpation of the tonsils and adenoids. Crowe and associates7 described the first meticulous surgical dissection technique with use of sharp instrumentation. More rec | 3313 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3318 | ||
| Chapter 197: Infections of the Airway in Children | 3320 | ||
| Key Points | 3320 | ||
| Croup (Laryngotracheitis) | 3320 | ||
| Supraglottitis (Epiglottitis) | 3323 | ||
| Bacterial Tracheitis (Exudative Tracheitis) | 3326 | ||
| Retropharyngeal Abscess | 3327 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 3328 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3328 | ||
| Chapter 198: Differential Diagnosis of Neck Masses | 3329 | ||
| Key Points | 3329 | ||
| History | 3329 | ||
| Physical Examination | 3329 | ||
| Radiologic Studies | 3330 | ||
| Laboratory Studies | 3331 | ||
| Congenital Masses | 3331 | ||
| Acquired Masses | 3334 | ||
| Benign Neoplasms | 3336 | ||
| Malignant Neoplasms | 3336 | ||
| Summary | 3337 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3337 | ||
| Chapter 199: Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck | 3339 | ||
| Key Points | 3339 | ||
| Vascular Tumors | 3340 | ||
| Treatment Overview | 3343 | ||
| Vascular Malformations | 3346 | ||
| Summary | 3350 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3351 | ||
| Chapter 200: Pediatric Head and Neck Malignancies | 3352 | ||
| Key Points | 3352 | ||
| Lymphomas | 3354 | ||
| Post-Transplantation LymphoproliferativeDisorder | 3357 | ||
| Sarcomas | 3357 | ||
| Neuroectodermal Tumors | 3361 | ||
| Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors | 3362 | ||
| Salivary Gland Malignancies | 3362 | ||
| Teratomas | 3363 | ||
| Thyroglossal Duct Carcinomas | 3364 | ||
| Histiocytoses | 3364 | ||
| Sequelae of Management | 3365 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3365 | ||
| Chapter 201: Salivary Gland Disease in Children | 3367 | ||
| Key Points | 3367 | ||
| Anatomy | 3367 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 3370 | ||
| Laboratory Studies | 3370 | ||
| Radiology | 3371 | ||
| Biopsy | 3372 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases of the Salivary Glands | 3372 | ||
| Autoimmune Disease | 3375 | ||
| Trauma | 3380 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3382 | ||
| Chapter 202: Congenital Disorders of the Larynx | 3383 | ||
| Key Points | 3383 | ||
| Laryngomalacia | 3383 | ||
| Vocal Fold Paralysis | 3385 | ||
| Laryngeal Web/Atresia | 3386 | ||
| Hemangiomas and Subglottic Cysts | 3388 | ||
| Thyroglossal Duct Cyst | 3388 | ||
| Laryngeal Cysts | 3389 | ||
| Laryngeal-Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft | 3390 | ||
| Bifid Epiglottis | 3391 | ||
| Summary | 3391 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3391 | ||
| Chapter 203: Voice Disorders | 3393 | ||
| Key Points | 3393 | ||
| Evaluation | 3393 | ||
| Voice Therapy | 3395 | ||
| Functional Etiology | 3396 | ||
| Organic Etiology | 3396 | ||
| Vocal Quality Disorders: Surgical Management | 3396 | ||
| Vocal Quality Disorders: Medical Management | 3398 | ||
| Vocal Quality Disorders: Voice Therapy with or without Surgery | 3398 | ||
| Summary | 3399 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3400 | ||
| Chapter 204: Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis | 3401 | ||
| Key Points | 3401 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3401 | ||
| Virology of Human Papillomavirus | 3402 | ||
| Transmission | 3403 | ||
| Prevention | 3403 | ||
| Clinical Features | 3404 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 3405 | ||
| Surgical Management | 3405 | ||
| Emerging Technologies | 3408 | ||
| Anesthetic Techniques | 3408 | ||
| Adjuvant Treatment Modalities | 3408 | ||
| Staging Severity | 3410 | ||
| Registry and Task Force Initiatives | 3411 | ||
| Other Considerations | 3411 | ||
| Summary | 3411 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3411 | ||
| Chapter 205: Evaluation and Management of the Stridulous Child | 3413 | ||
| Key Points | 3413 | ||
| Definition and Physical Principles | 3413 | ||
| Assessment | 3414 | ||
| Endoscopy | 3418 | ||
| Treatment of Acute Airway Obstruction | 3420 | ||
| Treatment of Chronic Airway Obstruction | 3422 | ||
| The Future | 3427 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3427 | ||
| Chapter 206: Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis | 3429 | ||
| Key Points | 3429 | ||
| Etiology and Pathophysiology | 3429 | ||
| Diagnosis of Congenital and Acquired Laryngeal Stenosis | 3433 | ||
| Management | 3434 | ||
| Management of Specific Disorders | 3439 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 3440 | ||
| Decannulation | 3440 | ||
| Summary | 3440 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3440 | ||
| Chapter 207: Diagnosis and Management of Tracheal Anomalies and Tracheal Stenosis | 3442 | ||
| Key Points | 3442 | ||
| Embryology | 3442 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3443 | ||
| Surgery | 3444 | ||
| Conclusion | 3451 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3451 | ||
| Chapter 208: Foreign Bodies of the Airway and Esophagus | 3452 | ||
| Key Points | 3452 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3453 | ||
| Location | 3453 | ||
| Acute Airway Obstruction | 3453 | ||
| Symptoms | 3454 | ||
| Radiographic Evaluation | 3455 | ||
| Management | 3456 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 3458 | ||
| Complications | 3459 | ||
| Controversies in Management | 3459 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3460 | ||
| Chapter 209: Gastroesophageal Reflux and Laryngeal Disease | 3461 | ||
| Key Points | 3461 | ||
| History | 3461 | ||
| Definition | 3461 | ||
| Physiopathology | 3462 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3462 | ||
| Disorders | 3462 | ||
| Possible Role of Gastroesophageal Reflux | 3463 | ||
| Management | 3463 | ||
| Conclusion | 3463 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3463 | ||
| Chapter 210: Aspiration and Swallowing Disorders | 3465 | ||
| Key Points | 3465 | ||
| Evaluation of Infants and Young Childrenwith Suspected Dysphagia | 3465 | ||
| Four Anatomic Sites of Dysphagia | 3466 | ||
| Conclusion | 3472 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3472 | ||
| Chapter 211: Caustic Ingestion | 3473 | ||
| Key Points | 3473 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 3473 | ||
| Initial Assessment and Diagnosis | 3474 | ||
| Endoscopy | 3474 | ||
| Staging | 3476 | ||
| Therapy | 3476 | ||
| Pharmacologic Therapy | 3476 | ||
| Mechanical Therapy | 3477 | ||
| Conclusion | 3479 | ||
| SUGGESTED READINGS | 3480 | ||
| Index | 3482 |