Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Widely recognized as the world’s leading dermatology manual, the new edition of Habif’s Clinical Dermatology has been exhaustively updated to reflect today’s best practices. A wealth of new features makes it easier, than any other resource, to identify, treat, and manage the full range of skin diseases.
- Presents outstanding photographs for virtually every common skin disorder.
- Organizes disease information with a Disorders Index on the inside front cover, allowing for quick access to specific guidance, and a brand new Regional Diagnosis Atlas in chapter 1.
- Uses a consistent format in every chapter to present information in a logical, easy-reference fashion.
- Features extensive revisions throughout that highlight the newest developments in diagnosis and treatment, giving you the absolute latest on virtually every skin disorder.
- Over 1000 full color photographs, incorporating 500 brand-new, never-before-published images for enhanced visual diagnostic guidance.
- Offers expanded material on non-white skin that prepares you to diagnose and treat different patient populations.
- Provides coverage of tropical diseases to help you treat patients who have been traveling abroad.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Disorders index | IFC1 | ||
| Quick reference formulary | ii | ||
| Copyright | vi | ||
| Front matter | v | ||
| Clinical dermatology | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Rapid access to the text | vii | ||
| PMID numbers (pubmed identification numbers) | vii | ||
| Web-based text | vii | ||
| Web-based formulary | vii | ||
| Text organization and content | vii | ||
| How to use this book | vii | ||
| Students in the classroom | vii | ||
| Students in the clinic | vii | ||
| The non-dermatologist provider | viii | ||
| The dermatologist | viii | ||
| Images | viii | ||
| Production | viii | ||
| Table of contents | ix | ||
| Skin anatomy | xii | ||
| Chapter\t| 1 | Principles of diagnosis and anatomy | 1 | ||
| Skin anatomy | 1 | ||
| Epidermis | 1 | ||
| Dermis | 1 | ||
| Dermal nerves and vasculature | 1 | ||
| Diagnosis of skin disease | 2 | ||
| A methodical approach | 2 | ||
| Examination technique | 2 | ||
| Approach to treatment | 2 | ||
| Primary lesions | 2 | ||
| Secondary lesions | 2 | ||
| Chapter\t| 2 | Topical therapy and topical corticosteroids | 75 | ||
| Topical therapy | 75 | ||
| Emollient creams and lotions | 75 | ||
| Severe dry skin (xerosis) | 75 | ||
| Wet dressings | 76 | ||
| Topical corticosteroids | 77 | ||
| Strength | 77 | ||
| Megapotent topical steroids (group I) | 78 | ||
| Concentration. | 78 | ||
| Compounding. | 78 | ||
| Generic versus brand names. | 78 | ||
| Vehicle | 78 | ||
| Steroid-antibiotic mixtures | 79 | ||
| Amount of cream to dispense | 79 | ||
| Application | 80 | ||
| Frequency | 80 | ||
| Tachyphylaxis. | 80 | ||
| Intermittent dosing | 80 | ||
| Group I topical steroids. | 80 | ||
| Groups II through VII topical steroids. | 80 | ||
| Methods | 80 | ||
| Simple application. | 80 | ||
| Occlusion. | 80 | ||
| Method of occlusion. | 80 | ||
| Systemic absorption | 82 | ||
| Avoid weaker, “safe” preparations. | 82 | ||
| Children. | 82 | ||
| Adults. | 82 | ||
| Adverse reactions | 82 | ||
| Steroid rosacea and perioral dermatitis | 82 | ||
| Management. | 83 | ||
| Atrophy | 85 | ||
| Occlusion. | 87 | ||
| Mucosal areas. | 87 | ||
| Steroid injection sites. | 87 | ||
| Long-term use. | 88 | ||
| Alteration of infection | 88 | ||
| Tinea incognito. | 88 | ||
| Infestations and bacterial infections. | 88 | ||
| Contact dermatitis | 90 | ||
| Topical steroid allergy | 90 | ||
| Management. | 90 | ||
| Patch testing. | 90 | ||
| Glaucoma | 90 | ||
| Chapter\t| 3 | Eczema and hand dermatitis | 91 | ||
| Stages of eczematous inflammation | 91 | ||
| Acute eczematous inflammation | 93 | ||
| Subacute eczematous inflammation | 94 | ||
| Adult-onset recalcitrant eczema and malignancy | 97 | ||
| Chronic eczematous inflammation | 98 | ||
| Hand eczema | 100 | ||
| Irritant contact dermatitis | 101 | ||
| Atopic hand dermatitis | 103 | ||
| Allergic contact dermatitis | 104 | ||
| Nummular eczema | 104 | ||
| Lichen simplex chronicus | 104 | ||
| Recurrent focal palmar peeling | 105 | ||
| Hyperkeratotic eczema | 105 | ||
| Fingertip eczema | 107 | ||
| Pompholyx | 109 | ||
| Id reaction | 109 | ||
| Eczema: Various presentations | 110 | ||
| Asteatotic eczema | 110 | ||
| Nummular eczema | 111 | ||
| Chapped fissured feet | 113 | ||
| Self-inflicted dermatoses | 115 | ||
| Lichen simplex chronicus | 115 | ||
| Chronic vulvar itching | 118 | ||
| Red scrotum syndrome | 118 | ||
| Treatment. | 118 | ||
| Prurigo nodularis | 119 | ||
| Neurotic excoriations | 120 | ||
| Psychogenic parasitosis | 121 | ||
| Stasis dermatitis and venous ulceration: Postphlebitic syndromes | 122 | ||
| Stasis dermatitis | 122 | ||
| Types of eczematous inflammation | 122 | ||
| Subacute inflammation | 122 | ||
| Acute inflammation | 122 | ||
| Chronic inflammation | 123 | ||
| Treatment of stasis dermatitis | 123 | ||
| Topical steroids and wet dressings. | 123 | ||
| Venous leg ulcers | 124 | ||
| Management of venous ulcers | 126 | ||
| Initial evaluation and treatment. | 126 | ||
| Varicose veins. | 126 | ||
| Laboratory evaluation. | 127 | ||
| Function studies. | 127 | ||
| Treatment. | 128 | ||
| Leg elevation. | 128 | ||
| Inflammation surrounding the ulcer. | 128 | ||
| Systemic antibiotics. | 128 | ||
| Topical antibiotics. | 128 | ||
| Debridement of ulcer bed. | 128 | ||
| Wound debridement. | 128 | ||
| Occlusive dressings. | 128 | ||
| Chemical debridement. | 128 | ||
| Surgical or mechanical debridement. | 128 | ||
| Definitive treatment | 129 | ||
| Compression. | 129 | ||
| Compression bandages. | 129 | ||
| Graded elastic compression stockings. | 129 | ||
| Nonelastic bandages. | 129 | ||
| Pneumatic compression pumps. | 129 | ||
| Aspirin. | 129 | ||
| Pentoxifylline. | 129 | ||
| Vitamins. | 129 | ||
| Grafting. | 129 | ||
| Vein surgery. | 129 | ||
| Chapter\t| 4 | Contact dermatitis and patch testing | 130 | ||
| Irritant contact dermatitis | 131 | ||
| Allergic contact dermatitis | 133 | ||
| Phases | 133 | ||
| Sensitization phase | 133 | ||
| Elicitation phase | 133 | ||
| Cross-sensitization | 133 | ||
| Systemically induced allergic contact dermatitis | 133 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 135 | ||
| Allergic contact dermatitis in children | 136 | ||
| Management of allergic contact dermatitis | 136 | ||
| Rhus dermatitis | 138 | ||
| Natural rubber latex allergy | 140 | ||
| Types of reactions | 140 | ||
| Irritant contact dermatitis. | 140 | ||
| Allergic contact dermatitis (type IV allergy). | 140 | ||
| Chapter\t| 5 | Atopic dermatitis | 154 | ||
| Pathogenesis and immunology | 156 | ||
| Clinical aspects | 156 | ||
| Infant phase (birth to 2 years) | 158 | ||
| Childhood phase (2 to 12 years) | 162 | ||
| Adult phase (12 years to adult) | 166 | ||
| Associated features | 167 | ||
| Dry skin and xerosis | 167 | ||
| Ichthyosis vulgaris | 167 | ||
| Keratosis pilaris | 168 | ||
| Hyperlinear palmar creases | 170 | ||
| Pityriasis alba | 170 | ||
| Atopic pleats | 170 | ||
| Cataracts | 170 | ||
| Triggering factors | 172 | ||
| Temperature change and sweating | 172 | ||
| Decreased humidity | 172 | ||
| Excessive washing | 172 | ||
| Contact with irritating substances | 172 | ||
| Contact allergy | 172 | ||
| Aeroallergens | 172 | ||
| Microbic agents | 172 | ||
| Food | 172 | ||
| Emotional stress | 172 | ||
| Treatment of atopic dermatitis | 172 | ||
| Dry skin | 174 | ||
| Inflammation and infection | 174 | ||
| Pimecrolimus cream 1% (elidel) | 175 | ||
| Chapter\t| 6 | Urticaria and angioedema | 181 | ||
| Clinical aspects | 182 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 185 | ||
| Initial evaluation of all patients with urticaria | 186 | ||
| Acute urticaria | 186 | ||
| Chronic urticaria | 188 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 188 | ||
| Treatment of urticaria | 191 | ||
| Approach to treatment | 191 | ||
| First-line therapy | 191 | ||
| Antihistamines. | 191 | ||
| Mechanism of action. | 191 | ||
| Initiation of treatment. | 191 | ||
| Side effects. | 191 | ||
| Long-term administration. | 191 | ||
| H1 and H2 antihistamines. | 191 | ||
| First-generation (sedating) H1 antihistamines. | 191 | ||
| Second-generation (low-sedating) H1 antihistamines. | 191 | ||
| Fexofenadine (allegra). | 191 | ||
| Cetirizine (zyrtec). | 192 | ||
| Loratadine (claritin). | 193 | ||
| Desloratadine (clarinex). | 193 | ||
| Tricyclic antihistamines (doxepin). | 193 | ||
| Epinephrine. | 193 | ||
| Second-line agents | 193 | ||
| Oral corticosteroids. | 193 | ||
| Leukotriene modifiers. | 193 | ||
| Dapsone. | 193 | ||
| Calcineurin inhibitors. | 193 | ||
| Third-line agents | 193 | ||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin. | 193 | ||
| Methotrexate. | 193 | ||
| Topical measures. | 193 | ||
| Physical urticarias | 194 | ||
| Dermographism | 194 | ||
| Pressure urticaria | 196 | ||
| Cholinergic urticaria | 197 | ||
| Exercise-induced anaphylaxis | 198 | ||
| Cold urticaria | 198 | ||
| Solar urticaria | 199 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 199 | ||
| Heat, water, and vibration urticarias | 199 | ||
| Aquagenic pruritus | 199 | ||
| Angioedema | 200 | ||
| Acquired forms of angioedema | 200 | ||
| Acquired angioedema (C1 INH deficiency syndromes) | 204 | ||
| Episodic angioedema-eosinophilia syndrome. | 204 | ||
| Hereditary angioedema | 204 | ||
| Contact urticaria syndrome | 207 | ||
| Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy | 207 | ||
| Urticarial vasculitis | 209 | ||
| Serum sickness | 210 | ||
| Mastocytosis | 211 | ||
| Spectrum of disease | 211 | ||
| Cutaneous mastocytosis | 211 | ||
| Solitary mastocytoma. | 212 | ||
| Urticaria pigmentosa. | 212 | ||
| Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP). | 214 | ||
| Diffuse cutaneous types. | 214 | ||
| Systemic mastocytosis | 214 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 215 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis. | 215 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 216 | ||
| Skin disease. | 216 | ||
| Blood and urine studies. | 216 | ||
| Prognosis. | 216 | ||
| Management. | 216 | ||
| Cutaneous disease. | 216 | ||
| Systemic disease treatment. | 216 | ||
| Reduce mast cell burden. | 216 | ||
| Chapter\t| 7 | Acne, rosacea, and related disorders | 217 | ||
| Acne | 217 | ||
| Classification | 219 | ||
| Etiology and pathogenesis | 223 | ||
| Approach to acne therapy | 225 | ||
| Initial visit | 225 | ||
| History. | 225 | ||
| Pathogenesis and course. | 225 | ||
| Acne and diet. | 225 | ||
| Cosmetics and cleansers. | 225 | ||
| Oral contraceptives. | 225 | ||
| Initial evaluation | 225 | ||
| Type of lesions. | 225 | ||
| Degree of skin sensitivity. | 225 | ||
| Selection of therapy. | 225 | ||
| Course of treatment. | 225 | ||
| Acne treatment | 226 | ||
| Comedonal acne | 226 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 226 | ||
| Treatment. | 226 | ||
| Mild inflammatory acne | 227 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 227 | ||
| Treatment. | 227 | ||
| Moderate-to-severe inflammatory acne | 228 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 228 | ||
| Treatment. | 228 | ||
| Severe: Nodulocystic acne | 230 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 230 | ||
| Cystic acne | 230 | ||
| Pyoderma faciale. | 230 | ||
| Acne fulminans | 230 | ||
| Acne conglobata | 234 | ||
| Treatment of nodulocystic acne | 234 | ||
| Therapeutic agents for treatment of acne | 235 | ||
| Retinoids | 235 | ||
| Tretinoin. | 235 | ||
| Tazarotene. | 235 | ||
| Adapalene. | 236 | ||
| Azelaic acid. | 236 | ||
| Benzoyl peroxide | 236 | ||
| Benzoyl peroxide/antibiotic formulations. | 236 | ||
| Principles of treatment. | 236 | ||
| Allergic reaction. | 236 | ||
| Drying and peeling agents | 236 | ||
| Topical antibiotics | 237 | ||
| Oral antibiotics | 237 | ||
| Mechanism of action and dosage. | 237 | ||
| Antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria and long-term therapy. | 237 | ||
| Long-term treatment. | 237 | ||
| Dosage and duration. | 237 | ||
| Tetracycline. | 237 | ||
| Dosing. | 237 | ||
| Adverse effects. | 237 | ||
| Doxycycline. | 238 | ||
| Chapter\t| 8 | Psoriasis and other papulosquamous diseases | 264 | ||
| Psoriasis | 264 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 264 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 265 | ||
| Drugs that precipitate or exacerbate psoriasis | 266 | ||
| Lithium. | 266 | ||
| Beta-blocking agents. | 266 | ||
| Antimalarial agents. | 266 | ||
| Systemic steroids. | 266 | ||
| Comorbidities associated with psoriasis | 267 | ||
| Clinical presentations | 267 | ||
| Chronic plaque psoriasis | 267 | ||
| Guttate psoriasis | 268 | ||
| Generalized pustular psoriasis | 269 | ||
| Erythrodermic psoriasis | 269 | ||
| Light-sensitive psoriasis | 270 | ||
| Psoriasis of the scalp | 270 | ||
| Psoriasis of the palms and soles | 270 | ||
| Pustular psoriasis of the palms and soles | 270 | ||
| Keratoderma blennorrhagicum (Reiter syndrome) | 272 | ||
| Psoriasis of the penis and Reiter syndrome | 273 | ||
| Pustular psoriasis of the digits | 273 | ||
| Psoriasis inversus (psoriasis of the flexural or intertriginous areas) | 274 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–induced psoriasis | 274 | ||
| Psoriasis of the nails | 275 | ||
| Psoriatic arthritis | 276 | ||
| Defining PsA | 276 | ||
| Differentiating PsA and RA | 279 | ||
| Differentiating PsA from osteoarthritis (OA) and gout | 279 | ||
| Treatment of psoriasis | 280 | ||
| Topical therapy | 282 | ||
| Calcipotriene (dovonex) | 282 | ||
| Calcitrol (vectical) | 282 | ||
| Retinoids | 282 | ||
| Topical steroids | 282 | ||
| Intralesional steroids | 283 | ||
| Anthralin | 283 | ||
| Preparations and use. | 283 | ||
| Short-contact therapy. | 283 | ||
| Ultraviolet light B | 284 | ||
| Ultraviolet light B and lubricating agents. | 284 | ||
| Ultraviolet light B and systemic agents. | 284 | ||
| Narrow-band ultraviolet light B (NB-UVB). | 284 | ||
| Photochemotherapy | 284 | ||
| PUVA combined with other modalities. | 285 | ||
| PUVA plus acitretin. | 285 | ||
| Long-term side effects. | 285 | ||
| Skin tumors. | 285 | ||
| Lentigines. | 285 | ||
| Cataracts. | 285 | ||
| Short-term side effects. | 285 | ||
| Nausea. | 285 | ||
| Phototoxicity. | 285 | ||
| Tape or occlusive dressings | 285 | ||
| Treating the scalp | 285 | ||
| Removing scale. | 286 | ||
| Mild to moderate scalp involvement. | 286 | ||
| Treatment of diffuse and thick scalp psoriasis. | 286 | ||
| Tar and oil. | 286 | ||
| Anthralin. | 286 | ||
| Systemic therapy | 286 | ||
| Rotational therapy | 286 | ||
| Methotrexate (see boxes 8-2 to 8-10) | 287 | ||
| Indications. | 287 | ||
| Mechanism of action. | 287 | ||
| Dosing. | 287 | ||
| Monitoring. | 287 | ||
| Side effects. | 287 | ||
| Folic and folinic acid supplements. | 287 | ||
| Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and biopsy interval. | 291 | ||
| Liver biopsy. | 291 | ||
| Lung toxicity. | 291 | ||
| Recall of sunburn. | 291 | ||
| Pregnancy. | 291 | ||
| Drug interactions. | 291 | ||
| Retinoids | 292 | ||
| Acitretin. | 292 | ||
| Indications. | 292 | ||
| Dosing strategy. | 292 | ||
| Acitretin and ultraviolet light B and PUVA. | 292 | ||
| Laboratory changes. | 292 | ||
| Side effects. | 292 | ||
| Isotretinoin | 292 | ||
| Cyclosporine (see boxes 8-14 to 8-17) | 294 | ||
| Baseline monitoring. | 294 | ||
| Kidney function and creatinine. | 294 | ||
| Hypertension. | 294 | ||
| Liver function. | 296 | ||
| Other chemistries. | 296 | ||
| Other side effects. | 296 | ||
| Dosage. | 296 | ||
| Low-dose approach. | 296 | ||
| High-dose approach. | 296 | ||
| Intermittent short courses. | 296 | ||
| Response to treatment. | 297 | ||
| Contraindications. | 297 | ||
| Drug interactions. | 297 | ||
| Combination therapy. | 297 | ||
| Rotational therapy | 297 | ||
| Other systemic drugs for psoriasis | 297 | ||
| Biologic therapy for psoriasis | 306 | ||
| Vaccines | 306 | ||
| TNF-α inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis | 306 | ||
| Adalimumab. | 306 | ||
| Etanercept. | 306 | ||
| Pediatric psoriasis. | 307 | ||
| Infliximab | 307 | ||
| Biologics that target pathogenic T cells | 308 | ||
| Alefecept. | 308 | ||
| Biologics that target cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 | 308 | ||
| Pityriasis rubra pilaris | 309 | ||
| Seborrheic dermatitis | 312 | ||
| Infants (cradle cap) | 312 | ||
| Young children (tinea amiantacea and blepharitis) | 312 | ||
| Adolescents and adults (classic seborrheic dermatitis) | 314 | ||
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 315 | ||
| Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis | 315 | ||
| Shampoos. | 315 | ||
| Topical steroids. | 315 | ||
| Antiyeast medications. | 315 | ||
| Oral antifungals. | 315 | ||
| Other topicals. | 315 | ||
| Pityriasis rosea | 316 | ||
| Lichen planus | 320 | ||
| Localized papules | 322 | ||
| Hypertrophic lichen planus | 322 | ||
| Generalized lichen planus and lichenoid drug eruptions | 322 | ||
| Lichen planus of the palms and soles | 322 | ||
| Follicular lichen planus | 322 | ||
| Oral and genital lichen planus | 324 | ||
| Erosive vaginal lichen planus | 324 | ||
| Nails | 325 | ||
| Diagnosis | 325 | ||
| Treatment | 326 | ||
| Therapy for cutaneous lichen planus | 326 | ||
| Therapy of mucous membrane lichen planus | 326 | ||
| Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus | 327 | ||
| Pityriasis lichenoides | 332 | ||
| Grover’s disease | 334 | ||
| Chapter\t| 9 | Bacterial infections | 335 | ||
| Skin infections | 335 | ||
| Impetigo | 335 | ||
| Bullous impetigo | 336 | ||
| Clinical manifestations. | 336 | ||
| Nonbullous impetigo | 338 | ||
| Acute nephritis | 340 | ||
| Laboratory findings. | 340 | ||
| Prevention of impetigo | 340 | ||
| Recurrent impetigo | 341 | ||
| Treatment of impetigo | 341 | ||
| Oral antibiotics. | 342 | ||
| Mupirocin (bactroban). | 342 | ||
| Retapamulin (altabax). | 342 | ||
| Cellulitis and erysipelas | 342 | ||
| Diagnosis of cellulitis | 342 | ||
| Cellulitis vs. deep vein thrombosis. | 342 | ||
| Cultures. | 343 | ||
| Treatment of cellulitis | 345 | ||
| Adults. | 345 | ||
| Preventing recurrent cellulitis | 346 | ||
| Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrence. | 346 | ||
| Children. | 346 | ||
| Cellulitis of specific areas | 346 | ||
| Cellulitis and erysipelas of the extremities | 346 | ||
| Chapter\t| 10 | Sexually transmitted bacterial infections | 382 | ||
| Sexually transmitted disease presentations | 382 | ||
| Genital ulcers | 385 | ||
| Developed countries | 385 | ||
| Syndromic management of sexually transmitted diseases | 387 | ||
| World health organization (WHO). | 387 | ||
| Venereal warts | 395 | ||
| Chemical (self-applied by patient) | 395 | ||
| Chemical (provider administered) | 395 | ||
| Physical | 395 | ||
| Vaginal warts | 395 | ||
| Cervical warts | 395 | ||
| Meatal and urethral warts | 395 | ||
| Syphilis | 396 | ||
| Incidence | 396 | ||
| Stages | 396 | ||
| Risk of transmission | 397 | ||
| T. pallidum | 397 | ||
| Primary syphilis | 398 | ||
| Secondary syphilis | 400 | ||
| Lesions | 400 | ||
| Latent syphilis | 402 | ||
| Tertiary syphilis | 402 | ||
| Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus | 402 | ||
| Congenital syphilis | 403 | ||
| Early congenital syphilis | 403 | ||
| Late congenital syphilis | 403 | ||
| Syphilis serology | 403 | ||
| Venereal disease research laboratory and rapid plasma reagin tests | 405 | ||
| Quantitative testing. | 405 | ||
| False-positive reactions. | 405 | ||
| Prozone phenomenon. | 405 | ||
| Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption and T. pallidum particle agglutination tests | 405 | ||
| Tests for neurosyphilis | 406 | ||
| Patients with human immunodeficiency virus | 406 | ||
| Treatment of syphilis | 406 | ||
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction | 406 | ||
| Management of the patient with a history of penicillin allergy | 406 | ||
| Posttreatment evaluation of syphilis | 406 | ||
| Serologic response to treatment | 406 | ||
| Late latent syphilis | 407 | ||
| Frequency of follow-up serologic tests | 407 | ||
| Reinfection in primary, secondary, and latent syphilis | 407 | ||
| Rare sexually transmitted diseases | 408 | ||
| Lymphogranuloma venereum | 408 | ||
| Primary lesions | 408 | ||
| Inguinal stage | 408 | ||
| Genitoanorectal syndrome | 409 | ||
| Diagnosis | 409 | ||
| Chlamydia tests. | 409 | ||
| Management | 409 | ||
| Drug regimen. | 409 | ||
| Lesion management. | 409 | ||
| Chancroid | 410 | ||
| Bacteria | 410 | ||
| Primary state | 411 | ||
| Lymphadenopathy | 411 | ||
| Diagnosis | 411 | ||
| Culture | 411 | ||
| Gram stain | 411 | ||
| Treatment | 411 | ||
| Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) | 412 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 412 | ||
| Diagnosis | 412 | ||
| Treatment | 412 | ||
| Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis | 413 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 413 | ||
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 413 | ||
| Genital infection in males | 413 | ||
| Urethritis. | 413 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 413 | ||
| Genital infection in females | 414 | ||
| Cervicitis. | 414 | ||
| Urethritis. | 414 | ||
| Bartholin ducts. | 414 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 414 | ||
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | 414 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 414 | ||
| Chapter\t| 11 | Sexually transmitted viral infections | 419 | ||
| Genital warts | 419 | ||
| Human papillomavirus | 419 | ||
| Incidence | 419 | ||
| Transmission | 419 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 420 | ||
| Oral condyloma in patients with genital human papillomavirus infection | 423 | ||
| Pearly penile papules | 423 | ||
| Genital warts in children | 424 | ||
| Genital warts and cancer | 424 | ||
| Diagnosis | 424 | ||
| Treatment | 424 | ||
| Management of sexual partners | 424 | ||
| Pregnancy | 425 | ||
| Children | 425 | ||
| Patient-applied therapies | 425 | ||
| Imiquimod. | 425 | ||
| Podofilox. | 425 | ||
| Provider-administered therapies | 425 | ||
| Cryosurgery. | 425 | ||
| Surgical removal and electrosurgery. | 425 | ||
| Trichloroacetic acid. | 425 | ||
| Podophyllum resin. | 426 | ||
| Warning. | 426 | ||
| Alteration of histopathology. | 426 | ||
| 5-fluorouracil cream. | 426 | ||
| Carbon dioxide laser. | 427 | ||
| Interferon alfa-2b recombinant (Intron A). | 427 | ||
| Bowenoid papulosis | 427 | ||
| Molluscum contagiosum | 428 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 428 | ||
| Diagnosis | 428 | ||
| Treatment | 430 | ||
| Over-the-counter treatments | 430 | ||
| Curettage | 430 | ||
| Cryosurgery | 430 | ||
| Antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies | 430 | ||
| Cantharidin | 430 | ||
| Potassium hydroxide | 430 | ||
| Oral cimetidine | 430 | ||
| Laser therapy | 430 | ||
| Trichloroacetic acid peel | 430 | ||
| Genital herpes simplex | 431 | ||
| Prevalence | 431 | ||
| Risk factors | 431 | ||
| Rate of transmission | 435 | ||
| Previous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection | 435 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 435 | ||
| Primary and recurrent infections | 435 | ||
| First-episode infections | 435 | ||
| Signs and symptoms. | 435 | ||
| Recurrent infection | 436 | ||
| Clinical signs and symptoms. | 436 | ||
| Frequency of recurrence. | 436 | ||
| Anatomic site. | 436 | ||
| Asymptomatic transmission. | 436 | ||
| Asymptomatic shedding. | 436 | ||
| Prevention | 437 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 437 | ||
| Polymerase chain reaction | 437 | ||
| Culture | 437 | ||
| Histopathologic studies | 437 | ||
| Serology | 437 | ||
| Subtyping | 437 | ||
| Herpes simplex virus type 1. | 437 | ||
| Type-specific serologic tests | 438 | ||
| Indications to test | 438 | ||
| Pregnant women. | 438 | ||
| Monogamous couples. | 438 | ||
| Diagnosis of recurrent genital eruptions. | 438 | ||
| Identifying herpes simplex virus as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. | 438 | ||
| Psychosocial implications | 438 | ||
| Treatment of genital herpes (CDC guidelines) | 439 | ||
| Drugs | 439 | ||
| First clinical episode of genital herpes | 440 | ||
| Cool compresses | 440 | ||
| Counseling | 440 | ||
| Recurrent episodes of herpes simplex virus disease | 441 | ||
| Daily suppressive therapy | 441 | ||
| Lubrication | 441 | ||
| Genital herpes simplex during pregnancy | 441 | ||
| Pregnancy complications | 441 | ||
| Prenatal screening and management | 441 | ||
| Prevention | 441 | ||
| Antiviral therapy | 442 | ||
| Viral cultures | 442 | ||
| Management at labor | 442 | ||
| Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection | 442 | ||
| Clinical signs | 442 | ||
| Diagnosis | 442 | ||
| Prognosis | 443 | ||
| Treatment | 443 | ||
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 444 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis | 444 | ||
| CD4+ T-lymphocyte destruction leads to infection | 444 | ||
| The initial human immunodeficiency virus infection | 444 | ||
| The evolution of disease | 444 | ||
| Progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 444 | ||
| Diagnosis | 445 | ||
| Viral burden | 445 | ||
| Assessment of immune status (CD4+ T-cell determinations) | 445 | ||
| Revised CDC classification and management | 446 | ||
| Incidence | 446 | ||
| Dermatologic diseases associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection | 446 | ||
| Chapter\t| 12 | Warts, herpes simplex, and other viral infections | 454 | ||
| Warts | 454 | ||
| Clinical infection | 454 | ||
| Immunologic response | 455 | ||
| Treatment | 455 | ||
| Warts: The primary lesion | 456 | ||
| Common warts | 457 | ||
| Treatment of recalcitrant warts | 458 | ||
| Imiquimod. | 458 | ||
| Apple cider vinegar. | 458 | ||
| Filiform and digitate warts | 458 | ||
| Flat warts | 459 | ||
| Plantar warts | 460 | ||
| Subungual and periungual warts | 464 | ||
| Molluscum contagiosum | 465 | ||
| Herpes simplex | 467 | ||
| Primary infection | 467 | ||
| Lesions | 467 | ||
| Recurrent infection | 468 | ||
| Oral-labial herpes simplex | 469 | ||
| Primary infection | 469 | ||
| Recurrent infection | 469 | ||
| Treatment. | 469 | ||
| Combination treatment. | 471 | ||
| Topical treatment. | 471 | ||
| Cutaneous herpes simplex | 471 | ||
| Eczema herpeticum | 473 | ||
| Varicella | 474 | ||
| Chickenpox in the immunocompromised patient | 476 | ||
| Chickenpox and HIV infection | 476 | ||
| Chickenpox during pregnancy | 477 | ||
| Congenital and neonatal chickenpox | 477 | ||
| Maternal varicella | 477 | ||
| First trimester. | 477 | ||
| Second trimester. | 477 | ||
| Near birth. | 477 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 477 | ||
| Rapid PCR. | 477 | ||
| Culture. | 477 | ||
| Serology. | 477 | ||
| Varicella vaccine | 477 | ||
| Treatment | 478 | ||
| Acyclovir | 478 | ||
| Children and adolescents. | 478 | ||
| Adults. | 478 | ||
| Immunocompromised patients. | 478 | ||
| VZIG. | 478 | ||
| Gammaglobulin. | 478 | ||
| Herpes zoster | 479 | ||
| Herpes zoster after varicella immunization | 483 | ||
| Herpes zoster and HIV infection | 483 | ||
| Herpes zoster during pregnancy | 483 | ||
| Syndromes | 483 | ||
| Ophthalmic zoster | 483 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 483 | ||
| Eye involvement. | 484 | ||
| Ramsay Hunt syndrome. | 484 | ||
| Sacral zoster (S2, S3, or S4 dermatomes). | 485 | ||
| Complications | 485 | ||
| Pain and postherpetic neuralgia. | 485 | ||
| Duration of pain. | 486 | ||
| Pathophysiology of pain. | 486 | ||
| Dissemination. | 486 | ||
| Motor paresis. | 486 | ||
| Encephalitis. | 486 | ||
| Necrosis, infection, and scarring. | 486 | ||
| Pregnancy | 487 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 487 | ||
| Herpes simplex. | 487 | ||
| Poison ivy. | 487 | ||
| “Zoster sine herpete.” | 487 | ||
| Cellulitis. | 487 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 487 | ||
| Varicella–zoster vaccine. | 487 | ||
| Treatment | 487 | ||
| Treatment strategy. | 487 | ||
| Topical therapy. | 487 | ||
| Antiviral drugs. | 487 | ||
| Topical acyclovir. | 488 | ||
| Valacyclovir (Valtrex). | 488 | ||
| Famciclovir (Famvir). | 488 | ||
| Oral and intravenous acyclovir. | 488 | ||
| Acyclovir-resistant infection. | 488 | ||
| Disseminated herpes zoster in the immunocompromised host. | 488 | ||
| Oral steroids. | 488 | ||
| Nerve blocks. | 488 | ||
| Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia | 489 | ||
| Chapter\t| 13 | Superficial fungal infections | 491 | ||
| Dermatophyte fungal infections | 491 | ||
| Tinea | 495 | ||
| Tinea of the foot | 495 | ||
| Clinical presentations. | 495 | ||
| Interdigital tinea pedis (toe web infection). | 495 | ||
| Two feet-one hand syndrome | 496 | ||
| Treatment. | 496 | ||
| Chronic scaly infection of the plantar surface. | 497 | ||
| Acute vesicular tinea pedis. | 497 | ||
| Pitted keratolysis | 498 | ||
| Tinea of the groin | 499 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 501 | ||
| Intertrigo. | 501 | ||
| Erythrasma. | 501 | ||
| Treatment for tinea of the groin. | 501 | ||
| Tinea of the body and face | 502 | ||
| Round annular lesions. | 502 | ||
| Tinea corporis (tinea gladiatorum) | 504 | ||
| Deep inflammatory lesions. | 504 | ||
| Treatment. | 505 | ||
| Invasive dermatophyte infection. | 505 | ||
| Tinea of the hand | 507 | ||
| Tinea incognito | 508 | ||
| Tinea of the scalp | 509 | ||
| Organism and transmission. | 509 | ||
| Hair shaft infection. | 509 | ||
| Endothrix pattern of invasion. | 510 | ||
| Ectothrix pattern of invasion. | 510 | ||
| Microscopic patterns of hair invasion. | 510 | ||
| Clinical patterns of infection. | 510 | ||
| Trichophyton tonsurans | 510 | ||
| Four patterns of infection. | 514 | ||
| Noninflammatory black dot pattern. | 514 | ||
| Inflammatory tinea capitis (kerion). | 514 | ||
| Seborrheic dermatitis type. | 515 | ||
| Pustular type. | 515 | ||
| Differential diagnosis. | 515 | ||
| Id reaction to therapy. | 516 | ||
| Treatment. | 516 | ||
| Tinea of the beard | 517 | ||
| Superficial infection. | 517 | ||
| Deep follicular infection. | 517 | ||
| Treatment. | 517 | ||
| Treatment of fungal infections | 522 | ||
| Systemic agents (see tables 13-1 to 13-3) | 522 | ||
| Griseofulvin. | 522 | ||
| Adverse reactions. | 522 | ||
| Allylamines. | 522 | ||
| Terbinafine. | 522 | ||
| Indications. | 523 | ||
| Triazoles. | 523 | ||
| Itraconazole (sporanox). | 523 | ||
| Fluconazole (diflucan). | 523 | ||
| Ketoconazole (nizoral). | 523 | ||
| Candidiasis (moniliasis) | 523 | ||
| Candidiasis of normally moist areas | 524 | ||
| Vulvovaginitis | 524 | ||
| Vaginal discharge | 524 | ||
| Non–sexually-acquired discharge. | 524 | ||
| Bacterial vaginosis. | 524 | ||
| Sexually acquired discharge. | 524 | ||
| Syndromic management. | 525 | ||
| Optional tests. | 525 | ||
| Monilial vulvovaginitis | 525 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 526 | ||
| Management. | 526 | ||
| Topical antifungal agents. | 526 | ||
| Oral antifungal agents. | 527 | ||
| Acute vaginal candidiasis. | 527 | ||
| Patient preference. | 527 | ||
| Partner treatment. | 527 | ||
| Side effects. | 528 | ||
| Pregnancy. | 528 | ||
| Recurrent (resistant) disease | 528 | ||
| Laboratory tests. | 528 | ||
| Treating resistant cases. | 528 | ||
| Resistant organisms. | 529 | ||
| Oral candidiasis | 529 | ||
| HIV infection. | 529 | ||
| Infants. | 529 | ||
| Adults. | 529 | ||
| Treatment | 530 | ||
| Fluconazole. | 530 | ||
| Itraconazole. | 530 | ||
| Clotrimazole (mycelex) troche. | 530 | ||
| Ketoconazole (nizoral). | 530 | ||
| Nystatin (mycostatin) oral suspension. | 530 | ||
| Candida balanitis | 531 | ||
| Treatment. | 531 | ||
| Candidiasis of large skin folds | 532 | ||
| Intertrigo | 534 | ||
| Diaper candidiasis | 534 | ||
| Treatment. | 534 | ||
| Differential diagnosis. | 534 | ||
| Candidiasis of small skin folds | 535 | ||
| Finger and toe webs | 535 | ||
| Angles of the mouth | 536 | ||
| Treatment. | 536 | ||
| Tinea versicolor | 537 | ||
| Pityrosporum folliculitis | 540 | ||
| Chapter\t| 14 | Exanthems and drug eruptions | 541 | ||
| Exanthems | 544 | ||
| Measles | 544 | ||
| Typical measles | 545 | ||
| Eruptive phase. | 546 | ||
| Management of measles | 547 | ||
| Vitamin A treatment. | 547 | ||
| Immunity. | 547 | ||
| Individuals exposed to disease. | 547 | ||
| Use of human immunoglobin. | 547 | ||
| Revaccination risks. | 547 | ||
| Pregnancy. | 547 | ||
| Hand-foot-and-mouth disease | 547 | ||
| Scarlet fever | 549 | ||
| Rubella | 552 | ||
| Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19 infection) | 553 | ||
| Roseola infantum (human herpesvirus 6 and 7 infection) | 556 | ||
| Enteroviruses: Echovirus and coxsackievirus exanthems | 558 | ||
| Kawasaki disease | 560 | ||
| Superantigen toxin-mediated illnesses | 566 | ||
| Toxic shock syndrome | 566 | ||
| Cutaneous drug reactions | 568 | ||
| Drug eruptions: Clinical patterns and most frequently causal drugs (box 14-6) | 570 | ||
| Exanthems (maculopapular) | 570 | ||
| Urticaria | 574 | ||
| Pruritus | 574 | ||
| Drug eruptions | 575 | ||
| Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis | 575 | ||
| Acneiform (pustular) eruptions | 575 | ||
| Eczema | 575 | ||
| Fixed drug eruptions | 576 | ||
| Blistering drug eruptions | 578 | ||
| Erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis | 578 | ||
| Exfoliative erythroderma | 578 | ||
| Lichenoid (lichen planus–like drug eruptions) | 578 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus–like drug eruptions | 578 | ||
| Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema | 579 | ||
| Pigmentation | 579 | ||
| Photosensitivity | 580 | ||
| Vasculitis | 580 | ||
| Lymphomatoid drug eruptions | 580 | ||
| Skin eruptions associated with specific drugs | 580 | ||
| Chapter\t| 15 | Infestations and bites | 581 | ||
| Scabies | 582 | ||
| Anatomic features, life cycle, and immunology | 582 | ||
| Anatomic features | 582 | ||
| Infestation and life cycle. | 583 | ||
| Immunology. | 583 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 583 | ||
| Primary lesions | 584 | ||
| Burrow. | 584 | ||
| Vesicles and papules. | 584 | ||
| Secondary lesions | 584 | ||
| Distribution | 586 | ||
| Infants | 586 | ||
| The elderly | 586 | ||
| Crusted (Norwegian) scabies | 587 | ||
| Diagnosis | 587 | ||
| Burrow identification | 587 | ||
| Sampling techniques and slide mount preparation | 588 | ||
| Mineral oil mounts. | 588 | ||
| Potassium hydroxide wet mounts. | 588 | ||
| Adhesive tape. | 588 | ||
| Treatment and management | 588 | ||
| Permethrin | 588 | ||
| Lindane | 588 | ||
| Application technique for permethrin and lindane. | 588 | ||
| Benzyl benzoate | 588 | ||
| Crotamiton (eurax lotion) | 588 | ||
| Sulfur | 589 | ||
| Ivermectin (stromectol) | 589 | ||
| Eradication program for nursing homes | 589 | ||
| Management of complications | 589 | ||
| Eczematous inflammation and pyoderma. | 589 | ||
| Post-scabietic pruritus. | 589 | ||
| Nodular scabies. | 589 | ||
| Environmental management. | 589 | ||
| Scabies in long-term care facilities | 589 | ||
| Pediculosis | 590 | ||
| Biology and life cycle | 590 | ||
| Nits | 590 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 591 | ||
| Pediculosis capitis | 591 | ||
| Pediculosis corporis | 591 | ||
| Eyelash infestation. | 591 | ||
| Pediculosis pubis | 592 | ||
| Diagnosis | 592 | ||
| Combing | 592 | ||
| Treatment | 593 | ||
| Head, body, and pubic lice | 593 | ||
| Permethrin. | 593 | ||
| Pyrethrin. | 593 | ||
| Malathion (ovide). | 593 | ||
| Others. | 593 | ||
| Lindane. | 593 | ||
| Ivermectin. | 593 | ||
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, septra). | 593 | ||
| Nit removal | 593 | ||
| Wet combing (bug busting). | 594 | ||
| Pomades. | 594 | ||
| Hot air. | 594 | ||
| Fomite control. | 594 | ||
| “No nit” policies | 594 | ||
| Eye infestation | 594 | ||
| Caterpillar dermatitis | 594 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 595 | ||
| Distribution | 595 | ||
| Diagnosis | 595 | ||
| Treatment | 595 | ||
| Spiders | 596 | ||
| Black widow spider | 596 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 596 | ||
| Treatment | 597 | ||
| Immediate first aid. | 597 | ||
| Antivenin. | 597 | ||
| Muscle relaxants. | 597 | ||
| Analgesics. | 597 | ||
| Brown recluse spider | 598 | ||
| Clinical manifestations | 598 | ||
| Management | 599 | ||
| Moderate to severe skin necrosis. | 599 | ||
| Dapsone. | 599 | ||
| Steroids. | 599 | ||
| Surgery. | 599 | ||
| Antivenin. | 599 | ||
| Ticks | 600 | ||
| Lyme disease and erythema migrans | 600 | ||
| Geographic distribution | 600 | ||
| Cutaneous manifestations | 602 | ||
| Borrelia lymphocytoma. | 602 | ||
| Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. | 602 | ||
| Erythema migrans. | 602 | ||
| Early and late disease. | 602 | ||
| Three stages of infection | 602 | ||
| Early localized disease (erythema migrans and flulike symptoms). | 604 | ||
| Early disseminated disease (cardiac and neurologic disease). | 605 | ||
| Cardiac disease. | 605 | ||
| Chapter\t| 16 | Vesicular and bullous diseases | 635 | ||
| Blisters | 635 | ||
| Autoimmune blistering diseases | 635 | ||
| Major blistering diseases | 635 | ||
| Classification | 638 | ||
| Epidermis | 638 | ||
| The basement membrane zone (see figure 16-2) | 638 | ||
| Basement membrane antigens and diseases. | 638 | ||
| Diagnosis of bullous disorders | 638 | ||
| Dermatitis herpetiformis and linear IgA bullous dermatosis | 642 | ||
| Gluten-sensitive enteropathy | 644 | ||
| Lymphoma | 644 | ||
| Diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis | 644 | ||
| Treatment | 645 | ||
| Bullae in diabetic persons | 646 | ||
| Pemphigus | 647 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 647 | ||
| Desmoglein | 647 | ||
| Dsg1 and Dsg3 autoantibodies. | 647 | ||
| Pemphigus vulgaris | 647 | ||
| Pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus, and pemphigus erythematosus | 649 | ||
| Pemphigus erythematosus | 649 | ||
| Pemphigus foliaceus | 650 | ||
| Fogo selvagem | 650 | ||
| Diagnosis of pemphigus | 650 | ||
| Treatment | 651 | ||
| Approach to treatment | 652 | ||
| Course and remission | 652 | ||
| Risk of relapse | 653 | ||
| Conclusions | 653 | ||
| Determining remission and when to stop treatment. | 653 | ||
| Pemphigus in association with other diseases | 653 | ||
| Drug-induced versus drug-triggered pemphigus | 653 | ||
| Paraneoplastic pemphigus (neoplasia-associated pemphigus) | 654 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus | 654 | ||
| Histologic studies. | 654 | ||
| Direct immunofluorescence. | 654 | ||
| Indirect immunofluorescence. | 654 | ||
| The pemphigoid group of diseases | 655 | ||
| Bullous pemphigoid | 655 | ||
| Localized pemphigoid | 658 | ||
| Diagnosis | 659 | ||
| Treatment | 659 | ||
| Plan of therapy. | 659 | ||
| Topical therapy | 659 | ||
| Oral cavity. | 659 | ||
| Eyes. | 659 | ||
| Intralesional therapy. | 659 | ||
| Systemic therapy | 659 | ||
| Dapsone. | 659 | ||
| Corticosteroids. | 659 | ||
| Immunosuppressive agents (adjuvant therapy). | 659 | ||
| Etanercept. | 659 | ||
| Antibiotics. | 659 | ||
| Surgical therapy. | 659 | ||
| Localized vulvar pemphigoid | 660 | ||
| Benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood | 660 | ||
| Herpes gestationis (pemphigoid gestationis) | 660 | ||
| Pemphigoid-like disease | 661 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita | 661 | ||
| Benign familial chronic pemphigus | 662 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa | 664 | ||
| The newborn with blisters, pustules, erosions, and ulcerations | 665 | ||
| Chapter\t| 17 | Connective tissue diseases | 671 | ||
| Autoimmune diseases | 671 | ||
| Connective tissue diseases | 672 | ||
| Diagnosis | 672 | ||
| Antinuclear antibody screening | 674 | ||
| Connective tissue laboratory screening tests | 676 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus | 678 | ||
| Clinical classification (tables 17-5 and 17-6) | 678 | ||
| Subsets of cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 680 | ||
| Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (discoid lupus erythematosus) | 682 | ||
| Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 684 | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 686 | ||
| Overview of SLE | 686 | ||
| Definition. | 686 | ||
| Epidemiology. | 686 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 686 | ||
| Laboratory findings. | 686 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 686 | ||
| Treatment. | 686 | ||
| Cutaneous disease | 687 | ||
| Other cutaneous signs of lupus erythematosus | 688 | ||
| Diagnosis and management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 689 | ||
| Neonatal lupus erythematosus | 690 | ||
| Drug-induced lupus erythematosus | 691 | ||
| Dermatomyositis and polymyositis | 692 | ||
| Polymyositis | 692 | ||
| Dermatomyositis | 693 | ||
| Scleroderma | 700 | ||
| Systemic sclerosis | 700 | ||
| Chemically induced scleroderma | 700 | ||
| Diffuse scleroderma | 700 | ||
| Initial signs and symptoms. | 700 | ||
| Skin. | 700 | ||
| Raynaud’s phenomenon. | 703 | ||
| Telangiectasias. | 703 | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract. | 703 | ||
| Lungs. | 703 | ||
| Kidneys. | 703 | ||
| Other organs. | 703 | ||
| Prognosis. | 704 | ||
| Crest syndrome | 704 | ||
| Diagnosis of diffuse scleroderma | 704 | ||
| Autoantibodies. | 704 | ||
| Other studies. | 705 | ||
| Office nailfold capillary microscopy | 706 | ||
| Normal. | 706 | ||
| Overlap syndromes (scleroderma, dermatomyositis). | 706 | ||
| Mixed connective tissue disease. | 706 | ||
| Lupus. | 706 | ||
| Treatment | 706 | ||
| Systemic therapy. | 706 | ||
| Management of cutaneous disease. | 707 | ||
| Localized scleroderma | 707 | ||
| Morphea (figure 17-33) | 707 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis. | 708 | ||
| Biopsy. | 708 | ||
| Treatment. | 708 | ||
| Linear scleroderma | 709 | ||
| Laboratory. | 709 | ||
| Treatment. | 709 | ||
| En coup de sabre | 709 | ||
| Chapter\t| 18 | Hypersensitivity syndromes and vasculitis | 710 | ||
| Hypersensitivity syndromes | 710 | ||
| Erythema multiforme | 710 | ||
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum of disease | 714 | ||
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | 715 | ||
| Toxic epidermal necrolysis | 717 | ||
| Erythema nodosum | 720 | ||
| Vasculitis | 722 | ||
| Vasculitis of small vessels | 726 | ||
| Hypersensitivity vasculitis | 727 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura | 730 | ||
| Neutrophilic dermatoses | 734 | ||
| Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) | 734 | ||
| Erythema elevatum diutinum | 737 | ||
| Pyoderma gangrenosum | 737 | ||
| Schamberg’s disease | 740 | ||
| Chapter\t| 19 | Light-related diseases and disorders of pigmentation | 741 | ||
| Photobiology | 741 | ||
| Sun-damaged skin | 743 | ||
| Suntan and sunburn | 747 | ||
| Sun protection | 747 | ||
| Polymorphous light eruption | 750 | ||
| Hydroa aestivale and hydroa vacciniforme | 752 | ||
| Porphyrias | 754 | ||
| Porphyria cutanea tarda | 756 | ||
| Treatment | 758 | ||
| Phlebotomy. | 758 | ||
| Chloroquine. | 758 | ||
| Pseudoporphyria | 758 | ||
| Erythropoietic protoporphyria | 760 | ||
| Phototoxic reactions | 761 | ||
| Photoallergy | 764 | ||
| Disorders of hypopigmentation | 764 | ||
| Vitiligo | 764 | ||
| Guidelines for the treatment of vitiligo | 767 | ||
| Children. | 767 | ||
| Adults. | 767 | ||
| Narrow-band UVB. | 768 | ||
| Response to treatment. | 768 | ||
| Photochemotherapy. | 768 | ||
| Topical therapy. | 768 | ||
| Immunomodulators. | 768 | ||
| Excimer laser. | 768 | ||
| Grafting and transplantation. | 768 | ||
| Systemic steroids. | 768 | ||
| Cosmetics. | 768 | ||
| Depigmentation of remaining normal skin. | 768 | ||
| Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis | 769 | ||
| Nevus anemicus | 770 | ||
| Tuberous sclerosis | 770 | ||
| Pityriasis alba | 771 | ||
| Disorders of hyperpigmentation | 771 | ||
| Freckles | 771 | ||
| Lentigo in children | 771 | ||
| Lentigo in adults | 771 | ||
| Melasma | 772 | ||
| Café-au-lait spots | 774 | ||
| Diabetic dermopathy | 775 | ||
| Erythema ab igne | 775 | ||
| Chapter\t| 20 | Benign skin tumors | 776 | ||
| Seborrheic keratosis | 776 | ||
| Stucco keratoses | 784 | ||
| Skin tags (acrochordon) and polyps | 784 | ||
| Dermatosis papulosa nigra | 786 | ||
| Cutaneous horn | 786 | ||
| Dermatofibroma | 787 | ||
| Hypertrophic scars and keloids | 788 | ||
| Keratoacanthoma | 790 | ||
| Epidermal nevus | 792 | ||
| Nevus sebaceous | 794 | ||
| Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis | 795 | ||
| Epidermal cyst | 796 | ||
| Pilar cyst (wen) | 798 | ||
| Senile sebaceous hyperplasia | 799 | ||
| Syringoma | 800 | ||
| Chapter\t| 21 | Premalignant and malignant nonmelanoma skin tumors | 801 | ||
| Basal cell carcinoma | 801 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 803 | ||
| Histologic characteristics | 803 | ||
| Clinical types | 803 | ||
| Management and risk of recurrence | 808 | ||
| Recurrent basal cell carcinoma | 810 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 810 | ||
| Histologic type. | 810 | ||
| Location. | 810 | ||
| Size. | 810 | ||
| Treatment of basal cell carcinoma | 810 | ||
| Actinic keratosis | 812 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma in situ | 820 | ||
| Bowen’s disease | 821 | ||
| Erythroplasia of Queyrat | 823 | ||
| Arsenical keratoses and other arsenic-related skin diseases | 824 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 824 | ||
| Leukoplakia | 829 | ||
| Verrucous carcinoma | 830 | ||
| Primary cutaneous lymphomas | 831 | ||
| Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma | 832 | ||
| Paget’s disease of the breast | 843 | ||
| Extramammary Paget’s disease | 844 | ||
| Cutaneous metastasis | 845 | ||
| Chapter\t| 22 | Nevi and malignant melanoma | 847 | ||
| Melanocytic nevi | 847 | ||
| Common moles | 848 | ||
| Management | 850 | ||
| Suspicious lesions. | 850 | ||
| Nevi. | 850 | ||
| Recurrent previously excised nevi (pseudomelanoma). | 850 | ||
| Nevi with small dark spots. | 850 | ||
| Special forms | 850 | ||
| Atypical nevi | 856 | ||
| Classification of atypical melanocytic nevi | 857 | ||
| Clinical classification | 857 | ||
| Clinical features of atypical moles | 858 | ||
| Morphology. | 858 | ||
| Surface characteristics. | 858 | ||
| Development and distribution. | 858 | ||
| Histologic characteristics. | 858 | ||
| Management. | 858 | ||
| Malignant melanoma | 860 | ||
| Superficial spreading melanoma | 863 | ||
| Nodular melanoma | 866 | ||
| Lentigo maligna melanoma | 868 | ||
| Acral-lentiginous melanoma | 870 | ||
| Benign lesions that resemble melanoma | 871 | ||
| Lesion examination | 871 | ||
| Observation plus magnification plus dermoscopy. | 871 | ||
| Screening for melanoma. | 871 | ||
| Management of melanoma | 872 | ||
| Biopsy | 872 | ||
| Histologic findings and progression | 872 | ||
| Radial growth phase tumors. | 872 | ||
| Vertical growth phase tumors. | 873 | ||
| Tumor thickness (Breslow microstage). | 873 | ||
| Ulceration. | 873 | ||
| Tumor thickness (Clark level). | 873 | ||
| Pathology report. | 873 | ||
| Mitotic rate. | 873 | ||
| Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. | 873 | ||
| Histologic regression. | 873 | ||
| Angiolymphatic invasion and angiotropism. | 873 | ||
| Special stains. | 873 | ||
| Surgical therapy | 874 | ||
| Excision after biopsy (resection margins) | 874 | ||
| Metastatic staging and prognosis | 874 | ||
| Sentinel lymph node biopsy. | 874 | ||
| Indication. | 874 | ||
| Procedure. | 874 | ||
| Elective lymph node dissection. | 874 | ||
| Initial diagnostic workup | 874 | ||
| Staging and prognosis | 875 | ||
| Staging for localized melanoma: Stages I and II | 875 | ||
| Melanoma thickness | 875 | ||
| Ulceration | 875 | ||
| Pathologic staging of lymph nodes | 875 | ||
| Follow-up examinations | 879 | ||
| Follow-up intervals | 879 | ||
| Medical treatment | 879 | ||
| Treatment of lentigo maligna | 879 | ||
| Dermoscopy | 880 | ||
| Chapter\t| 23 | Vascular tumors and malformations | 891 | ||
| Congenital vascular lesions | 891 | ||
| Hemangiomas of infancy | 892 | ||
| Superficial hemangiomas | 892 | ||
| Management | 893 | ||
| Nonintervention. | 893 | ||
| Treating ulcers and rapidly proliferating lesions. | 893 | ||
| Local wound care. | 893 | ||
| Infection. | 894 | ||
| Corticosteroids. | 894 | ||
| Intralesional steroids. | 894 | ||
| Lasers. | 895 | ||
| Topical imiquimod. | 895 | ||
| Surgery. | 895 | ||
| Interferon alfa-2b. | 895 | ||
| Deep hemangiomas | 896 | ||
| Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. | 896 | ||
| Hemangiomas associated with congenital abnormalities. | 896 | ||
| Malformations | 898 | ||
| Nevus flammeus (port-wine stains) | 898 | ||
| Systemic syndromes. | 898 | ||
| Sturge-Weber syndrome. | 902 | ||
| Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. | 902 | ||
| Treatment. | 902 | ||
| Lasers. | 902 | ||
| Cosmetics. | 902 | ||
| Salmon patches | 902 | ||
| Acquired vascular lesions | 904 | ||
| Cherry angioma | 904 | ||
| Angiokeratomas | 904 | ||
| Venous lake | 905 | ||
| Lymphangioma circumscriptum | 905 | ||
| Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) | 906 | ||
| Bacillary angiomatosis | 906 | ||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma | 907 | ||
| Telangiectasias | 910 | ||
| Spider angiomas | 910 | ||
| Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia | 911 | ||
| Scleroderma | 911 | ||
| Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome | 912 | ||
| Generalized essential telangiectasia | 912 | ||
| Chapter\t| 24 | Hair diseases | 913 | ||
| Anatomy | 913 | ||
| Physiology | 915 | ||
| Evaluation of hair loss | 917 | ||
| Generalized hair loss | 920 | ||
| Localized hair loss | 922 | ||
| Androgenetic alopecia in men (male pattern baldness) | 922 | ||
| Adrenal androgenic female pattern alopecia | 924 | ||
| Hirsutism | 926 | ||
| Alopecia areata | 932 | ||
| Prevalence | 932 | ||
| Clinical presentation. | 932 | ||
| Psychologic implications. | 933 | ||
| Nail changes. | 933 | ||
| Prognosis. | 933 | ||
| Differential diagnosis. | 933 | ||
| Etiology. | 933 | ||
| Immunologic factors. | 933 | ||
| Pathology. | 933 | ||
| Treatment. | 934 | ||
| Observation. | 934 | ||
| Topical steroids. | 934 | ||
| Intralesional injections. | 934 | ||
| Minoxidil (topical solution). | 934 | ||
| Anthralin. | 934 | ||
| Topical immunotherapy. | 934 | ||
| Systemic corticosteroids. | 934 | ||
| Cyclosporine. | 934 | ||
| Hair weaves and wigs. | 934 | ||
| Trichotillomania | 936 | ||
| Traction (cosmetic) alopecia | 937 | ||
| Scarring alopecia | 938 | ||
| Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 939 | ||
| Lichen planopilaris (figure 24-19) | 940 | ||
| Lichen planopilaris with frontal sclerosing alopecia | 940 | ||
| Pseudopelade (figure 24-20) | 941 | ||
| Folliculitis decalvans (figures 24-21 and 24-22) | 942 | ||
| Dissecting cellulitis (figures 24-23 and 24-24) | 943 | ||
| Acne keloidalis | 944 | ||
| Tufted folliculitis (figures 24-27 and 24-28). | 945 | ||
| Acne necrotica | 946 | ||
| Erosive pustular dermatosis | 946 | ||
| Trichomycosis | 946 | ||
| Chapter\t| 25 | Nail diseases | 947 | ||
| Anatomy and physiology | 947 | ||
| Normal variations | 950 | ||
| Nail disorders associated with skin disease | 951 | ||
| Acquired disorders | 953 | ||
| Bacterial and viral infections | 953 | ||
| Fungal nail infections | 956 | ||
| Treatment | 959 | ||
| Oral agents: Terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole. | 959 | ||
| Continuous terbinafine. | 959 | ||
| Prognostic factors. | 959 | ||
| Response to treatment. | 959 | ||
| Preventing recurrence. | 959 | ||
| Drug interactions. | 961 | ||
| Laboratory monitoring. | 961 | ||
| Safety of oral agents. | 961 | ||
| Recurrence rates. | 961 | ||
| Mechanical reduction of infected nail plate. | 961 | ||
| Surgical removal. | 961 | ||
| Nonsurgical avulsion of nail dystrophies. | 961 | ||
| Trauma | 962 | ||
| Onycholysis | 962 | ||
| Treatment. | 962 | ||
| Photoonycholysis. | 963 | ||
| Nail and cuticle biting | 963 | ||
| Nail plate excoriation | 963 | ||
| Hangnail | 963 | ||
| Ingrown toenail | 963 | ||
| Treatment | 963 | ||
| Ingrown nail without inflammation. | 963 | ||
| Ingrown nail with inflammation. | 964 | ||
| Recurrent ingrown nail. | 964 | ||
| Subungual hematoma | 964 | ||
| Nail hypertrophy | 964 | ||
| White spots or bands | 964 | ||
| Distal plate splitting (brittle nails) | 965 | ||
| Habit-tic deformity | 965 | ||
| Median nail dystrophy | 966 | ||
| Pincer nails (curvature) | 966 | ||
| The nail and internal disease | 966 | ||
| Color and drug-induced changes | 969 | ||
| Congenital anomalies | 969 | ||
| Tumors | 970 | ||
| Chapter\t| 26 | Cutaneous manifestations of internal disease | 974 | ||
| Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus | 974 | ||
| Necrobiosis lipoidica | 974 | ||
| Granuloma annulare | 976 | ||
| Acanthosis nigricans | 978 | ||
| Xanthomas and dyslipoproteinemia | 980 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis | 983 | ||
| Tuberous sclerosis | 987 | ||
| Internal cancer and skin disease | 990 | ||
| Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes | 990 | ||
| Familial cancer syndromes | 990 | ||
| Cowden disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome) | 996 | ||
| Muir-Torre syndrome | 997 | ||
| Gardner’s syndrome | 997 | ||
| Chapter\t| 27 | Dermatologic surgical procedures | 999 | ||
| Antibiotic prophylaxis | 1001 | ||
| Local anesthesia | 1001 | ||
| Hemostasis | 1002 | ||
| Wound healing | 1002 | ||
| Postoperative wound care | 1005 | ||
| Partial- and full-thickness open wounds | 1005 | ||
| Sutured wounds | 1005 | ||
| Office | 1005 | ||
| Home. | 1005 | ||
| Excess granulation tissue. | 1005 | ||
| Scarlet red gauze. | 1005 | ||
| Scar formation. | 1005 | ||
| Skin biopsy | 1006 | ||
| Punch biopsy | 1006 | ||
| Shave biopsy and shave excision | 1006 | ||
| Simple scissor excision | 1008 | ||
| Electrodesiccation and curettage | 1009 | ||
| Techniques | 1009 | ||
| Curettage | 1010 | ||
| Techniques—curettage | 1010 | ||
| Techniques—electrodesiccation and curettage of basal cell carcinoma | 1010 | ||
| Blunt dissection | 1011 | ||
| Technique | 1011 | ||
| Cryosurgery | 1012 | ||
| Technique | 1012 | ||
| Extraction of cysts | 1013 | ||
| Technique | 1013 | ||
| Mohs’ micrographic surgery | 1014 | ||
| Technique | 1014 | ||
| Chemical peels | 1015 | ||
| Dermal and subdermal fillers | 1016 | ||
| Liposuction | 1016 | ||
| Lasers | 1016 | ||
| Intense pulsed light | 1018 | ||
| Botulinum toxin | 1018 | ||
| Appendix A Bioterrorism | 1019 | ||
| Appendix B dermatology and the recently returned traveler | 1024 | ||
| Index | I-1 | ||
| A | I-1 | ||
| B | I-4 | ||
| C | I-5 | ||
| D | I-7 | ||
| E | I-8 | ||
| F | I-9 | ||
| G | I-10 | ||
| H | I-11 | ||
| I | I-13 | ||
| J | I-14 | ||
| K | I-14 | ||
| L | I-14 | ||
| M | I-16 | ||
| N | I-18 | ||
| O | I-19 | ||
| P | I-20 | ||
| R | I-23 | ||
| S | I-24 | ||
| T | I-27 | ||
| U | I-28 | ||
| V | I-29 | ||
| W | I-29 | ||
| X | I-30 | ||
| Y | I-30 | ||
| Z | I-30 |