BOOK
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book
John E. Bennett | Raphael Dolin | Martin J. Blaser | Gerald L. Mandell
(2009)
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Book Details
Abstract
After thirty years, PPID is still the reference of choice for comprehensive, global guidance on diagnosing and treating the most challenging infectious diseases. Drs. Mandell, Bennett, and Dolin have substantially revised and meticulously updated, this new edition to save you time and to ensure you have the latest clinical and scientific knowledge at your fingertips. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th Edition helps you identify and treat whatever infectious disease you see.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader , conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Compatible with Kindle®, nook®, and other popular devices.
- Get the answers to questions you have with more in-depth coverage of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents than you’ll find in any other infectious disease resource.
- Find the latest diagnoses and treatments for currently recognized and newly emerging infectious diseases, such as those caused by avian and swine influenza viruses.
- Put the latest knowledge to work in your practice with new or completely revised chapters on influenza (new pandemic strains); new Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus; probiotics; antibiotics for resistant bacteria; antifungal drugs; new antivirals for hepatitis B and C; Clostridium difficile treatment; sepsis; advances in HIV prevention and treatment; viral gastroenteritis; Lyme disease; Helicobacter pylori; malaria; infections in immunocompromised hosts; immunization (new vaccines and new recommendations); and microbiome.
- Benefit from fresh perspectives and global insights from an expanded team of international contributors.
- Find and grasp the information you need easily and rapidly with newly added chapter summaries. These bulleted templates include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention and are designed as a quick summary of the chapter and to enhance relevancy in search and retrieval on Expert Consult.
- Stay current on Expert Consult with a thorough and regularly scheduled update program that ensures access to new developments in the field, advances in therapy, and timely information.
- Access the information you need easily and rapidly with new succinct chapter summaries that include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
- Experience clinical scenarios with vivid clarity through a richly illustrated, full-color format that includes 1500 photographs for enhanced visual guidance.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| e9780443068393v1 | 1 | ||
| Front cover | 1 | ||
| Half title page | 2 | ||
| Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases | 4 | ||
| Copyright page | 5 | ||
| Contributors | 6 | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | 28 | ||
| Preface to the Seventh Edition | 30 | ||
| Table of Contents | 32 | ||
| PART I Basic Principles in the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diseases | 42 | ||
| SECTION A MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS | 44 | ||
| 1 A Molecular Perspective of Microbial Pathogenicity | 44 | ||
| The Diversity of Human-Microbe Relationships | 44 | ||
| The Attributes of Microbial Pathogens | 45 | ||
| The Clonal Nature of Bacterial Pathogens | 47 | ||
| Genomics and the Evolution of Pathogenicity | 48 | ||
| Regulation of Bacterial Pathogenicity | 48 | ||
| Microbial Pathogens as Intracellular Parasites | 50 | ||
| Subversion of Host Cellular Processes and Immune Defenses | 51 | ||
| Identification and Characterization of Virulence Genes | 51 | ||
| Molecular Microbiology at the Bedside: Pathogen Detection, Pathogen Discovery, and Genomic Profiling | 52 | ||
| REFERENCES | 53 | ||
| 2 Microbial Adherence | 56 | ||
| Experimental Identification of an Adhesin | 56 | ||
| Experimental Identification of a Host Receptor | 56 | ||
| Central Concepts in the Interactions between Adhesins and Receptors | 58 | ||
| Specific Adherence Mechanisms and Their Roles in Pathogenesis | 59 | ||
| HIV gp120/160 | 59 | ||
| ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA GAL/GALNAC LECTIN | 60 | ||
| Escherichia coli P FIMBRIAE | 61 | ||
| Adhesins and Microbial Synergy | 62 | ||
| Examples of Adhesins as Targets for Therapy | 62 | ||
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ENTRY INHIBITORS | 62 | ||
| NOVEL ANTIPICORNAVIRAL DRUGS | 63 | ||
| CRANBERRY JUICE FOR PREVENTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS | 63 | ||
| Microbial Biofilms | 63 | ||
| REFERENCES | 64 | ||
| 3 Toxins | 68 | ||
| Classification of Toxins | 68 | ||
| Control of Synthesis and Release of Toxins | 68 | ||
| Attachment and Entry of Toxins | 70 | ||
| Mechanisms of Toxin Action and Roles in Clinical Disease | 71 | ||
| TOXINS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS | 71 | ||
| TOXINS OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS | 71 | ||
| DIPHTHERIA TOXIN | 72 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS | 72 | ||
| Tetanus Toxin | 72 | ||
| Botulinum Toxin | 72 | ||
| ENTEROTOXINS | 72 | ||
| Cholera Toxin | 72 | ||
| Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin | 73 | ||
| Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin | 73 | ||
| Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B | 73 | ||
| Bacteroides fragilis Enterotoxin | 73 | ||
| SHIGA AND SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS | 73 | ||
| PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS | 74 | ||
| PORE-FORMING TOXINS | 74 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC USES OF BACTERIAL TOXINS | 74 | ||
| REFERENCES | 75 | ||
| SECTION B HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS | 78 | ||
| 4 Innate (General or Nonspecific) Host Defense Mechanisms | 78 | ||
| Tissue Tropisms and Hereditary Factors | 78 | ||
| Natural Physical Barriers to the Entry of Microorganisms into the Body | 79 | ||
| SKIN | 79 | ||
| MUCOUS MEMBRANES | 81 | ||
| RESPIRATORY TRACT | 81 | ||
| INTESTINAL TRACT | 81 | ||
| GENITOURINARY TRACT | 81 | ||
| EYE | 82 | ||
| PHAGOCYTOSIS AND AUTOPHAGY | 82 | ||
| Innate Immunity and the Initial Inflammatory Response | 82 | ||
| TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND THE CYTOKINE CASCADE | 83 | ||
| CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS | 84 | ||
| TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING AND INITIATION AND BIASING OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY | 84 | ||
| TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING AND INITIAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE | 84 | ||
| CHEMOKINES AND CHEMOTAXIS | 84 | ||
| METABOLIC CHANGES | 85 | ||
| Pathogen Interference with Innate Immune Responses | 85 | ||
| Impairment and Exaggeration of General Nonspecific and Innate Immunity | 85 | ||
| NUTRITION | 85 | ||
| AGING | 85 | ||
| STRESS | 86 | ||
| HORMONES | 86 | ||
| DYSREGULATION | 86 | ||
| NORMAL INDIGENOUS MICROBIAL FLORA | 86 | ||
| NATURAL ANTIBODIES | 86 | ||
| REFERENCES | 87 | ||
| 5 Human Genetics and Infection | 90 | ||
| Magnitude of the Host Genetic Effect | 90 | ||
| APPROACHES | 90 | ||
| Diseases | 91 | ||
| MALARIA | 91 | ||
| MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES | 91 | ||
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 92 | ||
| PERSISTENT HEPATITIS | 93 | ||
| OTHER DISEASES | 93 | ||
| Specific Susceptibility and Resistance Genes | 93 | ||
| BLOOD GROUPS | 93 | ||
| HEMOGLOBIN GENE VARIANTS | 94 | ||
| GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY | 94 | ||
| HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS | 94 | ||
| CYTOKINE GENES | 95 | ||
| CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS | 95 | ||
| MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN | 95 | ||
| TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR PATHWAY GENES | 95 | ||
| OTHER GENES | 96 | ||
| Evolutionary Perspective | 96 | ||
| Applications | 96 | ||
| REFERENCES | 97 | ||
| 6 Antibodies | 100 | ||
| Immunoglobulin Structure | 100 | ||
| BASIC ANTIBODY STRUCTURE | 100 | ||
| F(ab′)2, Fab, AND Fc PIECES | 101 | ||
| ANTIGEN BINDING, AFFINITY, AND AVIDITY | 101 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES | 101 | ||
| Immunoglobulin M | 101 | ||
| Immunoglobulin G | 102 | ||
| Immunoglobulin A | 102 | ||
| Immunoglobulin D | 103 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E | 103 | ||
| Effector Functions Mediated by Antibodies | 103 | ||
| BLOCKING OR NEUTRALIZATION | 103 | ||
| COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION | 103 | ||
| OPSONIZATION | 103 | ||
| ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY | 104 | ||
| Kinetics of Antibody Production and Diagnosis of Infections | 104 | ||
| Laboratory Measurement of Antibodies | 105 | ||
| QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN | 105 | ||
| SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS FOR MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES | 105 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY | 105 | ||
| Western Blot | 106 | ||
| Agglutination and Complement Fixation | 106 | ||
| Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry | 106 | ||
| Enumeration of Antibody-Producing B Cells: The ELISPOT Assay | 106 | ||
| ASSAYS TO MEASURE ANTIGEN | 107 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES | 107 | ||
| B-Cell Maturation and Immunoglobulin Production | 107 | ||
| DNA REARRANGEMENT AND GENERATION OF DIVERSE ANTIGEN-BINDING SITES | 107 | ||
| DELETION OF AUTOREACTIVE CLONES | 108 | ||
| ANTIGEN STIMULATION: FIRST SIGNAL | 108 | ||
| CO-RECEPTORS AMPLIFY OR SUPPRESS ANTIGEN SIGNALING | 109 | ||
| SECOND SIGNALS AND B-CELL–T-CELL INTERACTIONS | 109 | ||
| HOW B CELLS FIND AND ACTIVATE T CELLS | 110 | ||
| T-CELL–INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS | 110 | ||
| DOWNREGULATION OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION | 111 | ||
| B1 CELLS | 111 | ||
| Antibody-Mediated Pathology | 111 | ||
| GELL AND COOMBS CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSES | 111 | ||
| Type I Hypersensitivity | 112 | ||
| Type II Hypersensitivity | 112 | ||
| The Origin of Autoreactive Antibodies | 112 | ||
| Type III Hypersensitivity | 112 | ||
| HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA | 113 | ||
| Immunodeficiencies | 113 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN A DEFICIENCY | 113 | ||
| AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIAS | 113 | ||
| HYPER-IMMUNOGLOBULIN M SYNDROME | 113 | ||
| COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 113 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN G SUBCLASS DEFICIENCIES | 114 | ||
| SELECTIVE IMMUNODEFICIENCIES | 114 | ||
| COMBINED T-CELL AND B-CELL DEFECTS | 114 | ||
| MALIGNANCIES | 114 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED HUMORAL IMMUNODEFICIENCY | 114 | ||
| Therapeutic Uses of Antibodies | 114 | ||
| PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION | 114 | ||
| IMMUNE GLOBULIN, INTRAVENOUS REPLACEMENT | 114 | ||
| MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 115 | ||
| REFERENCES | 115 | ||
| 7 Complement | 118 | ||
| Complement Synthesis, Catabolism, and Distribution | 118 | ||
| Complement Activation | 118 | ||
| OVERVIEW: C3, THE LINCHPIN OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM | 118 | ||
| GENERATION OF THE CLASSICal-PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE | 119 | ||
| GENERATION OF THE ALTERNATive-PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE | 120 | ||
| The “Tickover” Model | 120 | ||
| The Properdin-Directed Model | 121 | ||
| ASSEMBLY OF THE MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX | 121 | ||
| Regulation of Complement Activation | 122 | ||
| REGULATION OF C1 ACTIVATION | 122 | ||
| REGULATION OF THE C3 CONVERTASES | 122 | ||
| REGULATION OF THE MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX | 123 | ||
| BASIS FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN HOST AND MICROBIAL CELL SURFACES | 123 | ||
| Complement Receptors | 123 | ||
| Families of Complement Proteins | 124 | ||
| Complement-Mediated Functions | 124 | ||
| Microbial Interactions with the Complement System | 125 | ||
| Complement Deficiency States | 126 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 126 | ||
| GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCIES | 127 | ||
| CLASSICal PATHWAY DEFICIENCIES | 127 | ||
| Clinical Aspects | 127 | ||
| Immune Disorders. | 127 | ||
| Pathophysiologic Roles for Complement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. | 127 | ||
| Infectious Diseases. | 129 | ||
| Molecular Aspects | 129 | ||
| MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN PATHWAY DEFICIENCIES | 129 | ||
| Deficiency of Mannose-Binding Protein | 129 | ||
| Clinical Aspects. | 129 | ||
| Molecular Aspects. | 129 | ||
| Deficiency of Mannose-Binding Protein–Associated Serine Protease 2 | 130 | ||
| ALTERNATive-PATHWAY DEFICIENCIES | 130 | ||
| e9780443068393v2 | 2044 | ||
| Front cover | 2044 | ||
| Half title page | 2045 | ||
| Title page for Vol II | 2047 | ||
| Copyright page | 2048 | ||
| Contributors | 2049 | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | 2071 | ||
| Preface to the Seventh Edition | 2073 | ||
| Table of Contents | 2075 | ||
| PART III Infectious Diseases and Their Etiologic Agents | 2085 | ||
| SECTION A VIRAL DISEASES | 2087 | ||
| 132 Introduction to Viruses and Viral Diseases | 2087 | ||
| History | 2087 | ||
| Virus Structure and Classification | 2087 | ||
| Virus-Cell Interactions | 2089 | ||
| ATTACHMENT | 2089 | ||
| PENETRATION AND DISASSEMBLY | 2091 | ||
| GENOME REPLICATION | 2091 | ||
| CELL KILLING | 2093 | ||
| ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | 2093 | ||
| Virus-Host Interaction | 2093 | ||
| ENTRY | 2094 | ||
| SPREAD | 2094 | ||
| TROPISM | 2096 | ||
| PERSISTENT INFECTIONS | 2096 | ||
| VIRUSES AND CANCER | 2096 | ||
| VIRAL VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS | 2097 | ||
| HOST RESPONSES TO INFECTION | 2097 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2098 | ||
| 133 Orthopoxviruses: Vaccinia (Smallpox Vaccine), Variola (Smallpox), Monkeypox, and Cowpox | 2103 | ||
| Background | 2103 | ||
| Morphology and Chemical Structure | 2103 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2104 | ||
| Vaccinia: Vaccine and Vaccine Adverse Events | 2104 | ||
| IMMUNITY RESULTING FROM VACCINATION | 2105 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM VACCINATION | 2105 | ||
| VACCINIA VIRUS AS A ZOONOSIS | 2106 | ||
| VARIOLA | 2106 | ||
| Monkeypox | 2107 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2108 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 2108 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2108 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL | 2109 | ||
| Cowpox | 2109 | ||
| COWPOX VIRUS | 2109 | ||
| CLINICAL | 2109 | ||
| ORTHOPOXVIRUS LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS | 2109 | ||
| Therapy: Orthopoxviruses | 2110 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2110 | ||
| 134 Other Poxviruses That Infect Humans: Parapoxviruses, Molluscum Contagiosum, and Yatapoxviruses | 2113 | ||
| Parapoxviruses | 2113 | ||
| MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION OF THE AGENT | 2113 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE | 2113 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 2113 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2113 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2113 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2114 | ||
| Molluscum Contagiosum | 2114 | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF THE AGENT | 2114 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY | 2114 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 2114 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2114 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL | 2114 | ||
| THERAPEUTICS | 2115 | ||
| Yatapoxviruses | 2115 | ||
| TANAPOX | 2115 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Clinical Features | 2115 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2115 | ||
| Epidemiology and Control | 2115 | ||
| YABA MONKEY TUMOR VIRUS | 2115 | ||
| Clinical | 2115 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2115 | ||
| 135 Introduction to Herpesviridae | 2117 | ||
| Classification | 2117 | ||
| Genome Structure and Proteins | 2117 | ||
| Virus Replication | 2117 | ||
| Virus Latency and Reactivation | 2117 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2118 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2119 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes | 2119 | ||
| Immunity | 2119 | ||
| Oncogenesis | 2120 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2120 | ||
| Treatment | 2120 | ||
| Prevention | 2121 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2121 | ||
| 136 Herpes Simplex Virus | 2123 | ||
| Description of the Agent | 2123 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2124 | ||
| Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection | 2124 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2125 | ||
| Spectrum of Diseases Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus | 2127 | ||
| Orofacial Herpes Simplex Virus Infection | 2128 | ||
| Genital Infection | 2128 | ||
| Complications of Genital Herpes | 2130 | ||
| ASEPTIC MENINGITIS/TRANSVERSE MYELITIS/SACRAL RADICULOPATHY | 2130 | ||
| EXTRAGENITAL LESIONS | 2130 | ||
| DISSEMINATED INFECTION | 2130 | ||
| SUPERINFECTION | 2130 | ||
| Recurrent Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infections | 2131 | ||
| Frequency of Reactivation and Recurrence | 2131 | ||
| Herpetic Whitlow | 2131 | ||
| Herpes Gladiatorum | 2132 | ||
| Eye Infections | 2132 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis | 2132 | ||
| Visceral Infections | 2132 | ||
| Interactions between Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | 2133 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts Not Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 2134 | ||
| Neonatal Herpes | 2134 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus in Pregnancy | 2134 | ||
| Clinical Course of Genital Herpes in Pregnancy | 2135 | ||
| Prevention of Herpes Simplex Virus Acquisition in Pregnancy by Use of Antivirals | 2135 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2136 | ||
| Treatment | 2136 | ||
| Counseling and Prevention | 2138 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2138 | ||
| 137 Varicella-Zoster Virus | 2143 | ||
| Historical Overview | 2143 | ||
| The Pathogen and Its Replication | 2143 | ||
| Epidemiology of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections | 2143 | ||
| CHICKENPOX | 2143 | ||
| HERPES ZOSTER | 2144 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2144 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2144 | ||
| CHICKENPOX | 2144 | ||
| Chickenpox in the Immunocompromised Patient | 2145 | ||
| HERPES ZOSTER | 2145 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2146 | ||
| Therapy | 2146 | ||
| Prevention | 2147 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2148 | ||
| 138 Cytomegalovirus | 2151 | ||
| Description of the Pathogen | 2151 | ||
| Laboratory Diagnosis | 2152 | ||
| Cultivation of Cytomegalovirus | 2153 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Mononucleosis | 2153 | ||
| Associated Complications | 2154 | ||
| INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA | 2154 | ||
| HEPATITIS | 2154 | ||
| GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME | 2154 | ||
| MENINGOENCEPHALITIS | 2155 | ||
| MYOCARDITIS | 2155 | ||
| THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA | 2155 | ||
| SKIN ERUPTIONS | 2155 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | 2155 | ||
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | 2156 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 2156 | ||
| Antiviral Therapy | 2156 | ||
| GANCICLOVIR | 2156 | ||
| VALGANCICLOVIR | 2157 | ||
| Resistance to Ganciclovir | 2157 | ||
| FOSCARNET | 2157 | ||
| CIDOFOVIR | 2158 | ||
| CROSS-RESISTANCE TO ANTIVIRAL DRUGS IN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS CLINICAL ISOLATES | 2158 | ||
| MARIBAVIR | 2158 | ||
| Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease | 2159 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Infection in Transplantation Patients | 2160 | ||
| CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION ACQUIRED FROM DONATED ORGANS | 2160 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY | 2160 | ||
| HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 2160 | ||
| LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 2161 | ||
| KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION | 2161 | ||
| DRUG RESISTANCE IN SOLID ORGAN RECIPIENTS | 2162 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Diseases | 2162 | ||
| Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection | 2163 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Women | 2163 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2164 | ||
| 139 Epstein-Barr Virus (Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Malignant Diseases, and Other Diseases) | 2169 | ||
| History | 2169 | ||
| Description of Epstein-Barr Virus | 2169 | ||
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | 2169 | ||
| LIFE CYCLE | 2170 | ||
| LATENT INFECTION AND GROWTH TRANSFORMATION | 2170 | ||
| LYTIC INFECTION | 2171 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2171 | ||
| SERUM ANTIBODY PREVALENCE | 2171 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF INFECTION | 2171 | ||
| METHODS OF SPREAD | 2171 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT | 2172 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2172 | ||
| HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE | 2172 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 2172 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2173 | ||
| INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS (PRIMARY INFECTION) | 2173 | ||
| Spectrum of Illness | 2173 | ||
| Symptoms | 2173 | ||
| Signs | 2173 | ||
| Complications | 2174 | ||
| Hematologic. | 2174 | ||
| Splenic Rupture. | 2174 | ||
| Neurologic. | 2174 | ||
| Hepatic. | 2175 | ||
| Renal. | 2175 | ||
| Cardiac. | 2175 | ||
| Pulmonary. | 2175 | ||
| Death. | 2175 | ||
| Clinical Course | 2175 | ||
| X-LINKED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE | 2175 | ||
| CHRONIC ACTIVE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION | 2175 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 2176 | ||
| ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA | 2176 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–ASSOCIATED MALIGNANT DISEASES | 2176 | ||
| Lymphoproliferative Disease | 2176 | ||
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | 2177 | ||
| Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 2177 | ||
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | 2177 | ||
| Other Malignant Diseases | 2178 | ||
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES | 2179 | ||
| Laboratory Diagnosis | 2179 | ||
| INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS | 2179 | ||
| Hematologic Findings | 2179 | ||
| Heterophile Antibodies | 2179 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus–Specific Antibodies | 2180 | ||
| Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus | 2180 | ||
| Other Laboratory Abnormalities | 2181 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS VIRAL LOAD | 2181 | ||
| Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD) | 2181 | ||
| NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 2181 | ||
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA IN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 2182 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis | 2182 | ||
| Treatment | 2183 | ||
| INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS | 2183 | ||
| Supportive | 2183 | ||
| Antiviral Agents | 2183 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 2183 | ||
| LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE | 2183 | ||
| EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS TARGETED THERAPY IN ASSOCIATED MALIGNANT DISEASES | 2184 | ||
| ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA | 2184 | ||
| Prevention | 2185 | ||
| PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES | 2185 | ||
| VACCINE | 2185 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2185 | ||
| 140 Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 | 2191 | ||
| Human Herpesvirus Type 6 | 2191 | ||
| HISTORY | 2191 | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF THE VIRUS | 2191 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2191 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2191 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2191 | ||
| Infantile Fever and Seizures | 2191 | ||
| Exanthem Subitum (Roseola Infantum or Sixth Disease) | 2192 | ||
| Other Neurologic Symptoms Associated with HHV-6 | 2192 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis | 2193 | ||
| Other Complications in Healthy Persons | 2193 | ||
| Congenital Infection | 2193 | ||
| Infection in the Immunocompromised Host | 2193 | ||
| LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS | 2193 | ||
| Healthy Persons | 2193 | ||
| Immunocompromised Persons | 2194 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2194 | ||
| Human Herpesvirus Type 7 | 2194 | ||
| HISTORY | 2194 | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF THE VIRUS | 2194 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2194 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2194 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2194 | ||
| LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS | 2195 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2195 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2195 | ||
| 141 Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus Type 8) | 2197 | ||
| History | 2197 | ||
| Classification and Biology | 2197 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2198 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2198 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2198 | ||
| PRIMARY INFECTION | 2198 | ||
| KAPOSI’S SARCOMA | 2198 | ||
| PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA | 2200 | ||
| MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMAN’S DISEASE | 2200 | ||
| OTHER SYNDROMES | 2201 | ||
| Treatment and Prevention | 2201 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2201 | ||
| 142 Herpes B Virus | 2203 | ||
| History | 2203 | ||
| Description of the Virus | 2203 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2203 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2203 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2203 | ||
| Laboratory Diagnosis After Exposure | 2203 | ||
| Postexposure Evaluation and Prophylaxis | 2204 | ||
| Diagnosis of Herpes B Virus Disease | 2205 | ||
| Treatment | 2205 | ||
| Prevention | 2205 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2205 | ||
| 143 Adenoviruses | 2207 | ||
| Description of the Pathogen | 2207 | ||
| Interactions with the Host | 2207 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2208 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes | 2209 | ||
| RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE | 2209 | ||
| OCULAR DISEASE | 2209 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASE | 2209 | ||
| GENITOURINARY TRACT DISEASE | 2210 | ||
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE | 2210 | ||
| OTHER CLINICAL SYNDROMES | 2210 | ||
| Infections in Immunocompromised Patients | 2210 | ||
| HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS | 2210 | ||
| SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS | 2210 | ||
| HIV/AIDS PATIENTS | 2211 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2211 | ||
| Treatment | 2211 | ||
| Prevention | 2212 | ||
| Adenoviruses as Vectors for Gene Therapy and Vaccination | 2212 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2212 | ||
| 144 Papillomaviruses | 2215 | ||
| Virology | 2215 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2215 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE | 2215 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 2216 | ||
| ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND MALIGNANT DISEASES | 2217 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 2217 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 2219 | ||
| CUTANEOUS WARTS | 2219 | ||
| EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS | 2219 | ||
| ANOGENITAL WARTS | 2219 | ||
| RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS | 2220 | ||
| OTHER HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS | 2221 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2221 | ||
| Treatment | 2222 | ||
| CUTANEOUS WARTS | 2222 | ||
| ANOGENITAL WARTS | 2222 | ||
| OTHER WARTS | 2224 | ||
| Prevention | 2225 | ||
| REFERENCES | 2226 | ||
| 145 JC, BK, and Other Polyomaviruses: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy | 2231 | ||
| Virology | 2231 | ||
| HISTORY | 2231 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2231 | ||
| GENOME | 2231 | ||
| RECEPTORS AND CELL ENTRY | 2231 | ||
| JC Virus | 2231 | ||
| BK Virus | 2232 | ||
| NEW HUMAN POLYOMAVIRUSES | 2232 | ||
| Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Other JC Virus–Associated Syndromes | 2232 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2232 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 2232 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2232 | ||
| Classic Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy | 2232 | ||
| Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome | 2232 | ||
| JC Virus Granule Cell Neuronopathy | 2233 | ||
| JC Virus Encephalopathy | 2233 | ||
| JC Virus Meningitis | 2233 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 2233 | ||
| Imaging | 2233 | ||
| Brain Biopsy | 2233 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2233 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 2233 | ||
| TREATMENT | 2234 | ||
| Nephropathy and Other BK Virus–Associated Diseases | 2235 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 2235 | ||
| BK VIRUS PATHOGENESIS | 2235 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 2235 | ||
| Nephropathy | 2235 |