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Book Details
Abstract
Please note that this eBook does not include the DVD accompaniment. If you would like to have access to the DVD content, please purchase the print copy of this title.
This is a clinical neurology book for students and non neurologists, and for those who teach them. The book covers neuroanatomy, history taking and examination and then proceeds to discuss the clinical features of common problems as well as selected, less common neurological disorders, in a way that will demystify a part of medicine that many find complex and difficult to understand. The book is accompanied by a DVD explaining concepts, demonstrating techniques of performing the neurological examination and demonstration of abnormal neurological signs.
The first chapter is devoted to neuroanatomy from a clinical viewpoint. The concept of localising problems by likening the nervous system to a map grid with vertical meridians of longitude (the ascending sensory pathways and the descending motor pathway)and horizontal parallels of latitude (cortical signs, brainstem cranial nerves, nerve roots and peripheral nerves) of the nervous system is developed. Subsequent chapters take the reader through the neurological examination and the common neurological presentations from a symptom oriented approach. Chapter 4 contains a very simple method of understanding the brainstem, the "rule of 4". Chapter 6 discusses the approach after the history and examination are completed. The final chapter is an overview of how to approach information gathering and keeping up-to-date using the complex information streams available.
- widely illustrated with case studies and illustrations
- key points
- clinical questions
- clinical orientation with comprehensive references
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| Clinical Neurology | iii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Acknowledgements | xiii | ||
| Reviewers | xv | ||
| chapter 1 - Clinically Oriented Neuroanatomy:\r | 1 | ||
| CONCEPT OF THE MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE \nAND PARALLELS OF LATITUDE | 2 | ||
| THE MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE: LOCALISING THE PROBLEM ACCORDING TO THE DESCENDING MOTOR AND ASCENDING SENSORY PATHWAYS | 4 | ||
| THE PARALLELS OF LATITUDE: FINDING THE SITE \nOF PATHOLOGY WITHIN THE STRUCTURES OF THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS | 11 | ||
| REFERENCES | 29 | ||
| chapter 2 - The Neurological History | 31 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF NEUROLOGICAL HISTORY TAKING | 33 | ||
| THE UNDERLYING PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS: MODE OF ONSET, DURATION AND PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS | 33 | ||
| THE NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SYMPTOMS | 35 | ||
| PAST HISTORY, FAMILY HISTORY AND SOCIAL HISTORY | 41 | ||
| THE PROCESS OF TAKING THE HISTORY | 42 | ||
| REFERENCES | 43 | ||
| chapter 3 - Neurological Examination of the Limbs | 44 | ||
| THE MOTOR EXAMINATION | 44 | ||
| THE SENSORY EXAMINATION | 60 | ||
| EXAMINING CEREBELLAR FUNCTION | 65 | ||
| CLINICAL CASES | 66 | ||
| REFERENCES | 68 | ||
| chapter 4 - The Cranial Nerves and Understanding the Brainstem\r | 69 | ||
| THE OLFACTORY NERVE | 69 | ||
| THE OPTIC NERVE, CHIASM, RADIATION AND THE OCCIPITAL CORTEX | 69 | ||
| THE 3RD, 4TH AND 6TH CRANIAL NERVES | 73 | ||
| CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS, THE PUPIL AND EYELID OPENING: SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE PUPIL AND EYELID | 77 | ||
| THE TRIGEMINAL (5TH) NERVE | 79 | ||
| THE FACIAL (7TH) NERVE | 81 | ||
| THE AUDITORY/VESTIBULAR (8TH) NERVE | 83 | ||
| THE GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (9TH) NERVE | 83 | ||
| THE VAGUS (10TH) NERVE | 85 | ||
| THE ACCESSORY (11TH) NERVE | 86 | ||
| THE HYPOGLOSSAL (12TH) NERVE | 86 | ||
| THE ‘RULE OF 4’ OF THE BRAINSTEM | 87 | ||
| REFERENCES | 95 | ||
| chapter 5 - The Cerebral Hemispheres and Cerebellum\r | 96 | ||
| THE FRONTAL LOBES | 96 | ||
| THE PARIETAL LOBES | 98 | ||
| THE OCCIPITAL LOBES | 105 | ||
| THE CEREBELLUM | 105 | ||
| THE TEMPORAL LOBES | 106 | ||
| TESTING HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTION | 107 | ||
| REFERENCES\r | 109 | ||
| chapter 6 - After the History and Examination, What Next? | 110 | ||
| LEVEL OF CERTAINTY OF DIAGNOSIS | 110 | ||
| AVAILABILITY OF TESTS TO CONFIRM OR EXCLUDE CERTAIN DIAGNOSES | 115 | ||
| THE POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF TESTS | 117 | ||
| SEVERITY AND URGENCY: THE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF A PARTICULAR ILLNESS NOT BEING DIAGNOSED AND TREATED | 118 | ||
| THE BENEFIT VERSUS RISK PROFILE OF ANY POTENTIAL TREATMENT | 119 | ||
| SOCIAL FACTORS AND PAST MEDICAL PROBLEMS THAT MAY INFLUENCE A COURSE OF ACTION OR TREATMENT | 120 | ||
| REFERENCES | 120 | ||
| chapter 7 - Episodic Disturbances of Neurological Function | 122 | ||
| THE HISTORY AND INTERMITTENT DISTURBANCES | 122 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION OF INTERMITTENT DISTURBANCES | 127 | ||
| EPISODIC DISTURBANCES WITH FALLING | 128 | ||
| FALLING WITHOUT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS | 131 | ||
| EPISODIC DISTURBANCES WITHOUT FALLING | 133 | ||
| REFERENCES | 143 | ||
| chapter 8 - Seizures and Epilepsy | 146 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES CHARACTERISTIC OF EPILEPSY | 146 | ||
| THE PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS \nWITH A SUSPECTED SEIZURE OR EPILEPSY | 147 | ||
| CONFIRMING THAT THE PATIENT HAS HAD A SEIZURE OR SUFFERS FROM EPILEPSY | 147 | ||
| CHARACTERISATION OF THE TYPE OF SEIZURE | 150 | ||
| IDENTIFYING ANY PRECIPITATING CAUSES | 156 | ||
| ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF SEIZURES | 156 | ||
| ESTABLISHING AN AETIOLOGY | 157 | ||
| DECIDING WHETHER TO TREAT OR NOT | 158 | ||
| CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE DRUG, DOSE AND ONGOING MONITORING OF THE RESPONSE TO THERAPY | 159 | ||
| ADVICE REGARDING LIFESTYLE | 160 | ||
| CONSIDERATION OF SURGERY IN PATIENTS WHO FAIL TO RESPOND TO DRUG THERAPY | 162 | ||
| WHETHER AND WHEN TO WITHDRAW THERAPY IN ‘SEIZURE-FREE’ PATIENTS | 163 | ||
| COMMON TREATMENT ERRORS | 163 | ||
| THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM | 164 | ||
| REFERENCES | 164 | ||
| chapter 9 - Headache and Facial Pain | 168 | ||
| WHAT QUESTIONS TO ASK | 170 | ||
| A SINGLE (OR THE FIRST) EPISODE OF HEADACHE | 175 | ||
| RECURRENT HEADACHES | 182 | ||
| WHEN TO WORRY | 191 | ||
| INVESTIGATING HEADACHE | 192 | ||
| FACIAL PAIN | 193 | ||
| REFERENCES | 196 | ||
| chapter 10 - Cerebrovascular Disease | 201 | ||
| MINOR STROKE OR TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK: \nDOES THE DEFINITION MATTER? | 201 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT | 202 | ||
| DECIDING THE PROBLEM IS CEREBRoVASCULAR DISEASE | 203 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN HAEMORRHAGE AND ISCHAEMIA | 205 | ||
| HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE | 206 | ||
| ISCHAEMIC CEREBRoVASCULAR DISEASE | 208 | ||
| THREE STROKE SYNDROMES THAT SHOULD NOT BE MISSED | 215 | ||
| THREE OF THE ‘MORE COMMON’ RARER CAUSES OF STROKE, PARTICULARLY IN THE YOUNG | 216 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ISCHAEMIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE | 218 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE ISCHAEMIC STROKE | 219 | ||
| URGENT MANAGEMENT OF SUSPECTED TIA OR MINOR ISCHAEMIC STROKE | 222 | ||
| SECONDARY PREVENTION | 224 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ANTICOAGULATION-ASSOCIATED INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE | 226 | ||
| REFERENCES | 227 | ||
| chapter 11 - Common Neck, Arm \nand Upper Back Problems | 232 | ||
| NECK PAIN | 233 | ||
| PROBLEMS AROUND THE SHOULDER AND UPPER ARM | 235 | ||
| PROBLEMS IN THE FOREARMS AND HANDS | 242 | ||
| REFERENCES\r | 256 | ||
| chapter 12 - Back Pain and Common Leg Problems With or Without Difficulty Walking | 259 | ||
| BACK PAIN | 259 | ||
| PROBLEMS IN THE UPPER LEG | 260 | ||
| PROBLEMS IN THE LOWER LEGS AND FEET | 264 | ||
| REFERENCES\r | 278 | ||
| chapter 13 - Abnormal Movementsand Difficulty Walking Due to Central Nervous System Problems\r | 281 | ||
| DIFFICULTY WALKING | 281 | ||
| ABNORMAL MOVEMENTS | 293 | ||
| REFERENCES | 302 | ||
| chapter 14 - Miscellaneous Neurological Disorders | 305 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH A DEPRESSED \nCONSCIOUS STATE | 305 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF THE CONFUSED OR DEMENTED PATIENT | 310 | ||
| DISORDERS OF MUSCLE AND THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION | 315 | ||
| MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS | 323 | ||
| MALIGNANCY AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 326 | ||
| INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | 330 | ||
| REFERENCES\r | 332 | ||
| chapter 15 - Further Reading, Keeping Up-to-date and Retrieving Information | 336 | ||
| KEEPING UP-To-Date | 336 | ||
| RETRIEVING USEFUL INFORMATION FROM THE INTERNET | 339 | ||
| GENERAL NEUROLOGY WEBSITES | 342 | ||
| COUNTRY-BASED NEUROLOGY WEBSITES | 343 | ||
| WEBSITES RELATED TO THE MORE COMMON NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS | 343 | ||
| MAJOR NEUROLOGY JOURNAL WEBSITES | 345 | ||
| RESOURCES FOR PATIENTS | 346 | ||
| REFERENCES | 348 | ||
| Appendices | 350 | ||
| appendix A\r | 351 | ||
| appendix B | 353 | ||
| appendix C | 355 | ||
| appendix D | 360 | ||
| appendix E | 362 | ||
| appendix F | 369 | ||
| appendix G | 370 | ||
| appendix H | 373 | ||
| appendix I | 378 | ||
| Glossary\r | 380 | ||
| Index\r | 383 | ||
| Colorplates\r | I |